Tablets - [Tableting and Coating]

● Hopper

● Feed frame

● Punches

● Die

● Cam tracks

Parts of a tablet press [5]

Hopper

[PARTS OF A TABLET PRESS]

This part holds the granules or powder blend before compression.

Feed Frame/Feed Shoe

[PARTS OF A TABLET PRESS]

This part distributes the granules evenly into the the die cavities.

Punches

[PARTS OF A TABLET PRESS]

This part compresses the powder within the die to form tablets.

Die

[PARTS OF A TABLET PRESS]

_____-

• This part is a hollow cylindrical cavity where granules are filled and compressed.

• This determines the shape and volume of the tablet.

Cam tracks

[PARTS OF A TABLET PRESS]

This part guides the vertical movement of the punches during filling, compression, and ejection.

Coating

[MANUFACTURING PROCESS]

This refers to the application of coating material to a moving bed of solids with concurrent use of heated air to facilitate evaporation of solvent.

● Optimum convexity

● Sufficient hardness

● Minimal friability

● Rapid disintegration

● Dust-free

[MANUFACTURING PROCESS]

Requirements for Coating

● Film coating

● Enteric coating

● Sugar coating

[COATING]

Types of Coating [3]

Film coating

[TYPES OF COATING]

This coating PROTECTS the tablet and controls DRUG RELEASE.

Film coating

[TYPES OF COATING]

This coating uses materials like polymers (HPMC, PVP), and plasticizers.

● Polymers (Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose/HPMC, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP])

● Plasticizers

[TYPES OF COATING]

Film coating uses materials like_____ [2]

Film coating

[TYPES OF COATING]

This coating is THIN, DURABLE, and provides a FAST coating process.

Enteric coating

[TYPES OF COATING]

This coating protects the drug from STOMACH ACID, releasing the drug unchanged in the intestine.

Enteric coating

[TYPES OF COATING]

This coating uses materials like cellulose acetate phthalate and methacrylic acid copolymers.

● Cellulose acetate phthalate

● Methacrylic acid copolymers

[TYPES OF COATING]

Enteric coating uses materials like ________ [2]

Enteric coating

[TYPES OF COATING]

This coating PREVENTS STOMACH IRRITATION and provides a TARGETED RELEASE.

Sugar coating

[TYPES OF COATING]

This coating improves TASTE and AESTHETICS.

Sugar coating

[TYPES OF COATING]

This coating uses materials like sugar, gelatin, and calcium carbonate.

● Sugar

● Gelatin

● Calcium carbonate

[TYPES OF COATING]

Sugar coating uses materials like ______ [3]

Sugar coating

[TYPES OF COATING]

This coating provides GLOSSY APPEARANCE and MASKS the unpleasant taste of drugs.

Blistering

[PROBLEMS IN COATING]

This occurs when there is a DETACHMENT of film from the substrate.

Chipping

[PROBLEMS IN COATING]

This occurs when the film becomes CHIPPED and DENTED, usually at the EDGES.

Cratering

[PROBLEMS IN COATING]

This occurs when VOLCANIC-LIKE CRATERS appear, exposing the surface.

Picking

[PROBLEMS IN COATING]

This occurs when the isolated areas of the film are PULLED AWAY from the surface, caused by tablets sticking together and then part.

Pitting

[PROBLEMS IN COATING]

This happens when PITS occur in the surface of the tablet core WITHOUT any visible disruption of the film coating.

Blooming

[PROBLEMS IN COATING]

This occurs when the coating becomes DULL immediately or after prolonged storage at HIGH temperatures.

Blushing

[PROBLEMS IN COATING]

This occurs when there are WHITISH SPECKS or HAZINESS in the film.

Orange peeling

[PROBLEMS IN COATING]

This occurs when the film is ROUGH and NONGLOSSY.

Cracking

[PROBLEMS IN COATING]

This occurs when there are CRACKS across the CROWN of the tablet.

Splitting

[PROBLEMS IN COATING]

This occurs when there are SPLITS across the EDGES.

Wrinkling

[PROBLEMS IN COATING]

This indicates IMPROPER DRYING.

Mottling

[PROBLEMS IN COATING]

This occurs when there is UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION of COLOR.

Flaking

[PROBLEMS IN COATING]

This occurs when the coating material is easily REMOVED from the product in SHEETS or LARGE FLAKES after coating.

Spotting

[PROBLEMS IN COATING]

This occurs when there is a presence of MOTTLED AREAS on the coat.

Sweating

[PROBLEMS IN COATING]

This occurs when there is a presence of an OILY FILM or DROPLETS of liquid on the surface.

● Capping

● Lamination

● Cracking

[PROBLEMS IN COATING]

PROCESS-related problems [3]

● Chipping

● Binding

● Mottling

● Picking

● Sticking

📌Mnemonic: “CBM” PS

[PROBLEMS IN COATING]

EXCIPIENT-related problems [5]

Double impression

[PROBLEMS IN COATING]

MACHINE-related problems