Lecture on Bonds, Water, and Functional Groups

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to atoms, bonds, water properties, and functional groups essential for understanding biological chemistry.

Atoms and Bonds

Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter.

CHNOPS

The main elements in the human body include Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur.

Ionic Bond

A bond formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms, resulting in attraction between charged ions.

Covalent Bond

A strong bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Hydrogen Bond

An intermolecular attraction between partial charges of molecules due to polarity.

Polar Molecule

A molecule that has a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other due to an unequal sharing of electrons.

Cohesion

The tendency of water molecules to stick together through hydrogen bonds.

Adhesion

The tendency of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules.

High Specific Heat

The property of water that allows it to absorb a lot of heat without a significant change in temperature.

Evaporative Cooling

The process by which water absorbs heat before evaporation, cooling its surroundings.

Less Dense Ice

Ice is less dense than liquid water due to the structure of hydrogen bonds in solid water.

Solvent

A substance that can dissolve polar and ionic molecules, like water.

Isomers

Compounds with the same chemical formula but different structural arrangements.

Functional Groups

Specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.

Hydroxyl Group

A functional group (-OH) found in alcohols, which can form hydrogen bonds and is polar.