physical science final exam g:9

What is the difference between speed and velocity?

Velocity has direction, whereas speed does not.

What is the correct unit of force in the SI system?

The unit of force in the SI system is the Newton (N).

Which factors affect the kinetic energy of an object?

Kinetic energy is affected by both mass and velocity.

What is specific heat capacity?

Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to change the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C.

What does negative acceleration indicate?

Negative acceleration means that the object's speed is decreasing.

According to Newton's second law, what is acceleration proportional to?

Acceleration is directly proportional to the net force acting on an object and inversely proportional to its mass.

What is the net force acting on a block with opposing forces of 2 N Right and 5 N Left?

The net force acting on the block is 3 N Left.

According to Newton's third law, when a swimmer pushes againstwater, what happens?

The water pushes back with an equal force in the opposite direction.

What type of friction occurs when a car drives at a constant speed?

The type of friction is rolling friction.

What happens to kinetic energy if the speed of an object doubles?

The kinetic energy quadruples.

How is work done calculated when a student pushes a box?

Work done is calculated as force multiplied by distance; 40 N for 5 m equals 200 J.

What happens to potential energy when a ball falls?

Potential energy converts into kinetic energy.

At the highest point of a launched block, which energy is maximum?

Gravitational potential energy is maximized.

What happens when force is applied perpendicularly to the direction of motion?

The work done by the force is zero.

What happens to mechanical energy in a swinging pendulum?

The mechanical energy remains constant when ignoring air resistance.

Which form of oxygen has more thermal energy, gas or solid?

Oxygen gas has more thermal energy than solid oxygen.

Between a cup and a large pot of water at the same temperature, which has more thermal energy?

The large pot has more thermal energy.

What is true halfway down a ramp for a skateboarder?

Kinetic energy equals potential energy.

When two objects are in thermal contact, heat flows from where to where?

Heat flows from hot to cold.

Which energy is stored in a stretched rubber band?

The energy stored in a stretched rubber band is elastic potential energy.

When the temperature of a substance increases, what happens to its thermal energy?

The thermal energy increases.

Which force acts opposite to the direction of motion?

Friction always acts opposite to the direction of motion.

At the highest point of a thrown ball, what is its velocity?

At its highest point, the velocity is zero.

What happens to the heat transfer rate as the temperature difference increases?

The rate of heat transfer increases.

What does the law of conservation of energy state about energy in a closed system?

Energy can change form but the total energy remains constant.

Define thermal energy.

Thermal energy is the total energy of all particles in a substance due to their motion.

What is momentum?

Momentum is the product of the mass and velocity of an object.

What is power?

Power is the rate at which work is done.

What is elastic potential energy?

Elastic potential energy is the energy stored in an object when it is stretched or compressed.

What is gravitational potential energy?

Gravitational potential energy is energy stored due to an object's height above a reference point.

What happens to heat when two objects reach thermal equilibrium?

Heat stops flowing when both objects reach the same temperature.