science final

What is physical science?

The study of the non-living aspects of our world.

List the steps of the Scientific Method.

1. Observation - using one or more of your senses to gather information.
2. Hypothesis - a possible explanation of an observation (also known as a prediction).
3. Test/Experiment - designing experiments according to your hypothesis.
4. Analyzing - calculating/describing the information that you gathered.
5. Conclusion - summarizing the data.

What can you do after concluding an experiment?

Retest or communicate (share) the findings.

What is a scientific theory?

An explanation of observations based on knowledge gained from many observations and investigations.

What is a scientific law?

A rule that describes a repeatable pattern in nature.

What is matter?

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

What are compounds made of?

Two or more different elements.

Describe homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures with examples.

Homogeneous mixture (Ex: water) - mixture that is uniform in composition. Heterogeneous mixture (Ex: Cereal) - mixture that is not uniform throughout.

What is mass?

The amount of matter that an object has.

What type of change is dissolving a solid in a liquid?

Physical change.

What does the Conservation of Mass state?

Matter cannot be created or destroyed, only changed.

How does a chemical change differ from a physical change?

Physical changes can be undone, while chemical changes cannot (Ex: ice melting vs. lighting a match).

Recall the states of matter.

1. Solid - Very slow particle movement (fixed shape and volume).
2. Liquid - Medium particle movement (fixed volume, takes the shape of its container).
3. Gas - Very fast particle movement (takes shape of its container, no fixed volume).

What is viscosity?

A measurement of a liquid’s resistance to flow (Ex: thick water).

What is surface tension?

The uneven forces acting on the surface of liquids.

What are the three parts of an atom?

1. Proton - positive charge, symbol = +
2. Neutron - no charge, symbol = n
3. Electron - negative charge, symbol = -.

What are the parts of the periodic table?

1. Metals
2. Nonmetals
3. Metalloids.

What is the process to identify electrons used in chemical bonding?

Electron Dot Diagram.

What three ingredients are needed for a complete description of an object?

1. Reference Point
2. Distance
3. Direction.

What is speed?

Speed is a measure of how fast an object is moving, calculated as distance divided by time (v = dt).

What is velocity?

Velocity is speed in a given direction.

What is force?

A push or a pull on an object.

What are the two types of forces?

1. Contact force (e.g., hitting a baseball with a bat).
2. Noncontact force (e.g., gravity pulling an object down).

What are the three types of friction?

1. Static friction - objects stay in place.
2. Sliding friction - moving an object across a surface.
3. Fluid friction - resistance in fluids (e.g., air resistance).

What is work?

A force that moves an object a distance.

What is power?

The rate at which work is done, measured in watts.

What is a compound machine?

Two or more simple machines working together to make work easier.

How does light move?

In a straight line and as waves.

What are the three types of materials light can interact with?

1. Transparent
2. Translucent
3. Opaque.

What is color?

A spectrum of light interacting with an object; the reflected color is what you see.