structure

dramatic irony

when the audience knows more about the character in the play or text

caesura

a pause in the middle of a line in a poem

enjambment

where a sentence continues beyond the end of a line or verse

repetition

a word or phrase repeated that is used more than once

direct speech

the speech of a character in “"

shift in focus

the change in focus in or between paragraphs

anaphora

the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses

foreshadowing

an advance hint of what is to come later

semantic field

a group of words related in some way

juxtaposition

two things placed together to highlight the contrast between them

zooming in and out

the narrowing or widening of the narrative focus

chronological structure

arranged in the order of time

flashback/flashforward

set earlier or later than the main narrative

exposition

introduction of background information on characters, events or settings to help anchor the reader

tense

past, present, future

temporal deixis

time stamp

in media res

jumps straight into action

triad

rule of three

sibilance

‘s’ sound - secrecy, sadness

dialogue

speech marks

4 sentences

declarative, exclamative, imperative, impetuous