Cell & Molec Final

What is the 1 letter code for phenylalanine

F

What is the 3 letter code for aparagnine

Asn

What is the 1 letter code for trp

W

Where can hydrogen bonds form?

backbone to backbone, backbone to side chain, side chain to side chain

T/F Disulfide bonds help fold the protein into its shape

False

Where do allosteric inhibitors bind on an enzyme

somewhere not on the active site

What type of bond links together the sugar phosphate backbone

phosphodiester

How many hydrogen bonds connect A to T

2

Which is not a part of the histone core

-H1

-H2A

-H3

-H4

H1

T/F Heterochromatin are found in regions w/ increased gene expression

False

MCM loading (origin licensing) is limited to which phase of the cell cycle?

G1

Where does DNA polymerization come from

hydrolysis of the incoming dNTP

Single-stranded DNA binding proteins

responsible for stabilizing the lagging strand

Sliding Clamp

keeps DNA pol attached to the template

DNA helicase

opens DNA double helix during replication

Ligase

seals nicks in the DNA backbone

telomerase

helps to overcome the shortening of the linear chromosome by adding nucleotides

Basic mechanism of single stranded DNA repair happens in this order

Excision, resynthesis, ligation

T/F the pribnow box w/in the promoter promotes binding of the sigma factor

True

T/F In eukaryotes, RNA pol I primarily transcribes mRNA

False

Which subunit of TFIID binds to the TATA box altering the shape of DNA

TBP

How is the 5’ cap linked to the mRNA

5’ to 5’

Which structure is formed during splicing by looping of the intron?

lariat

What makes up the majority of the volume of a ribosome

RNA

Sites and order of ribosome

A to P to E

proteasome

targets proteins for deactivation and breaking down

For most genes, the most important point of control is

transcription initiation

Histone deacetylases

remove acetyl groups from histones, making a less open conformation of DNA

siRNA & miRNA

noncoding regulatory RNAs

topological associated domains

DNA held in loops by specialized proteins so that genes can be near eachother

What happens to mRNA targeted by miRNA

gets destroyed by nucleases

T/F Both strands need to be re-methylated after mitosis to propagate the condensed chromatin structure

False

Structures of the most common phospholipid

choline (hydrophilic head), phosphate (links choline to glycerol), glycerol (links phosphate to hydrocarbon chains), 2 hydrocarbon chains

scramblases

move newly added phospholipids, help maintain symmetry of membrane

flippases

catalyze transfer of specific phospholipids to one of the monolayer to maintain assymetry

Net products of glycolysis

2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate

Net products of the citric acid cycle

3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP, 2 CO2

net ATP form one glucose molecule

30

What enzymes catalyze irreversible reactions in glycolysis

hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase

What enzymes catalyze reversible reactions in glycolysis

fructose 1,6-bisphosphotase

In eukaryotic cells pyruvate is converted into lactate when

during anaerobic respiration

What is pyruvate converted into by yeast in an anaerobic environment

alcohol

Where is pyruvate converted into acetyl CoA

mitochondrial matrix

During conversion of fatty acids to acetyl CoA, how many carbons are stripped off per cycle

2

Which part of ATP synthase is responsible for linking the different moving parts?

stator

In the ETC, which electron carrier can only transfer 1 electron at a time?

cytochrome c

What protein directly facilitates transport of protein into nucleus

Nuclear import receptor

What molecule facilitates transport of nuclear import receptor to the cytosol

Ran-GTP

What protein facilitates localization of the ribosome/mRNA to the ER

SRP

Which part of the G-protein is not bound to the membrane

beta

RTK adaptor proteins can help signal to what GPTase protein?

ras

Which cytoskeletal proteins attach to desmosome?

intermediate filaments