Chap 1** study guide given by tea

Branches of anaromy

Anatomy: study of structures/relationships

Physiological: study of function

Microscopic: ultra small structures

• cytology: cells

• Histology: tissue

Gross anatomy: macroscopic anatomy (big)

• surface anatomy: anatomical form, morphology

• Regional: structures in specific area

• Systemic: specific system

Developmental anatomy: development from fertilized egg to adult

• embryology: fert egg to 8 weeks

comparative anatomy: differences and similarities in species

Pathological anatomy: structural changes in diseases

Definition of anatomy

Study of structures/ relationships

Physiology

Study of the functions

What is microscopic anatomy and subdivisions of this term

Ultra small structures

• histology: tissue

• Cytology: cells

What is gross anatomy and subdivisions of this term

Macroscopic anatomy (big)

• regional: specific structures in area

• System: specific systems

• Surface: anatomical form/morphology

What is developmental anatomy and subdivisions of this term

Study of development from fert egg to adult

• embryology: fert egg to 8 weeks

what is comparative anatomy and subdivisions of the term

Differences/similarities in species

• none

what is pathological anatomy and subdivisions in that term

Structural changes in disease

-none

What is anatomical position

Standing erect, facing observer, feet flat and facing forward, arms to the side, palms facing forward

Function of anatomical position

Allows for clear directional terms and all body parts to be described

What are the regional terms

Cephalic: head

Face: Facies

Skull: cranium

Cheek: Buccal

Nose: nasus

Chin: mental

Neck: cervical

Chest: thoracic

Thigh: femoral

Knee ball: patellar

Back of knee ball: popliteal

Arm: brachial

Forearm: Antebrachial

Elbow: Olecranal

Shoulder: Acromion

Wrist: carpal

Ankle: tarsal

Leg: Crural

Calf: Sural

Thumb: Pollex

Big toe: Hallux

Foot: pes

Fingers: digits

Palm: palma

Flat of foot: plantar

Heel of foot: calcaneus

Pubic area: pubis

Abdomen: abdomen

Groin: Inguen

Navel: umbilicus

Armpit: axillary

Back: dorsal

Butt: gluteus

Ear: auricle

Eyes: orbital

Mouth: oris

Hand: manus

Lumbus: loin

Supine

Lying down face up

Prone

Lying down face down

Superior

toward head/upper part of structure

Lateral

Away from midline

Inferior

Away from head/lower part of structure

Medial

Towards midline

Ipsilateral

Same side of body

Contralateral

Limbs opposite sides of the body

Proximal

Near point of origin to limb (scaphoid and lunate carpal bones are proximal to the thumb)

Distal

Farther from point of origin (trapezium and trapezoid carpal bones are distal from thumb)

What is Sagittal plane

Divides body into right and left halves

What is coronal plane

Divides body from anterior and posterior position

Transverse plans

Divides body between superior and inferior

Oblique plane

Passes body at an angle

What are the planes of the human body

Sagittal: divides right and left of body

Coronal: divides anterior and posterior

Transverse: divides inferior and superior

Oblique: divides at an angle

Function of body cavities

Protects, separates, supports organs

What does dorsal body cavity contain

Cranial cavity- has the brain

Vertebral canal- has the spinal cord

What does ventral bdoy cavity separate

Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

What does thoracic cavity contain

• 2 pleural cavities for lungs

• Pericardial for heart

• Mediastinum for heart, thymus, gland, esophagus, trachea

What does abdominopelvic cavity have

Abdominal for stomach spleen and liver

Pelvic for bladder and reproductive organs

What body cavity is thoracic in

Ventral body cavity

What body cavity is abdominopelvic cavity in

Ventral body cavity

What body cavity is cranial cavity in

Dorsal body cavity

What body cavity is vertebral canal in

Dorsal body cavity