Inductive/Deductive Logic

Inductive Logic aka

Informal Logic

Inductive logic

starts with observations to be used as evidence, is evaluated as either strong or weak, and, if it is strong and has true premises, leads to a probable, but not certain conclusion

What does inductive reasoning move from?

Specific a posteriori observations to generalizations

What terms are used to evaluate the structure of deductive arguments?

Valid and invalid

a valid and true argument is a sound argument

What are the terms used to evaluate an inductive argument?

strong vs. weak and cogent vs. uncogent

What is the format for inductive premises?

Strength + True Premises = Cogency

What is unlikely for an inductive argument?

If the argument is strong, it is unlikely that the premises will be true while the conclusion is false

basically saying that is the argument is strong, then it is most likely that the premises were true and so was the conclusion

What are arguments by analogy?

They are arguments that compare two or more things - more inductive because the conclusions are probable but not 100% true

Abductive reasoning

logical inference that starts with an observation or set of observations that seeks the simplest and most likely conclusion from the observations (inference to the best explanation)

Abductive conclusions

A little bit of uncertainty but like still one of the best or the best conclusion

What is abduction similar to?

affirming the consequent