16: metabolism and nutrition

BMR

amount of energy expended by body (cells performing work) at rest

factors that affect BMR

age, gender, hormones, genetics

amount of calories needed for basal metabolic activities

1500-2000

metabolism

sum of all chemical reactions in the body

anabolic

reactions build molecules and use energy

catabolic

break up molecules and release energy

absorptive state

occurs after eating a meal; involves digestion and absorption

what is released from the pancreas to allow for glucose to be taken up by the body cells and liver?

insulin

glycogenesis

process that convers glucose to glycogen

the absorptive state consists of what reactions?

anabolic reactions

post-absorptive state

fasting state; occurs after food has been broken down and absorbed

what is released to increase glucose in the blood

glucagon

the post-absorptive state consists of what reactions?

catabolic reactions

what hormone is released to start the process of glycogenesis?

insulin

lipids will be emulsified by __ and broken down by __

bile salts; lipases

triglycerides will be broken down into __ and __ and will then be converted back into __ after absorption

monoglycerides; fatty acids; triglycerides

lipogenesis

process in which excess carbs, fats, etc. can be converted into lipids for storage

proteins will be broken down into __ by __

amino acids; HCl, pepsin, trypsin, proteases, peptidases

deamination

the removal of an amino acid; amino acids can be used to build new proteins or as energy