Patterns in the periodic table
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49 Terms
What is the periodic table?
A chart organising all known elements.
What is an element?
A pure substance made from one type of atom.
What is an atom?
The smallest particle of an element.
Who developed the modern periodic table?
Dmitri Mendeleev helped develop it.
Why was Mendeleev important?
He arranged elements and predicted undiscovered ones.
How are elements arranged in the periodic table?
By increasing atomic number.
What is atomic number?
The number of protons in an atom.
What is a group in the periodic table?
A vertical column of elements.
What is a period in the periodic table?
A horizontal row of elements.
What do elements in the same group have in common?
Similar chemical properties.
Why do elements in the same group react similarly?
They have the same number of outer electrons.
What are metals?
Elements that are usually shiny, conductive and malleable.
What are non-metals?
Elements that are poor conductors and often dull.
Where are metals found in the periodic table?
On the left and centre.
Where are non-metals found in the periodic table?
On the right side.
What are alkali metals?
Group 1 elements.
What are properties of alkali metals?
Soft, reactive and low density.
How does reactivity change down Group 1?
Reactivity increases.
Why does Group 1 reactivity increase down the group?
Outer electrons are lost more easily.
What happens when alkali metals react with water?
They produce hydrogen and an alkaline solution.
What are halogens?
Group 7 elements.
What are properties of halogens?
Reactive non-metals forming coloured gases or solids.
How does reactivity change down Group 7?
Reactivity decreases.
Why does halogen reactivity decrease down the group?
It becomes harder to gain electrons.
What are noble gases?
Group 0 elements.
Why are noble gases unreactive?
They have full outer electron shells.
What are properties of noble gases?
Colourless, unreactive gases.
How does boiling point change down Group 0?
It increases.
What are transition metals?
Metals found in the centre of the periodic table.
What are properties of transition metals?
Strong, dense and good conductors.
Why are transition metals useful?
They are strong and less reactive.
What is reactivity?
How easily an element reacts.
What is a chemical reaction?
A process forming new substances.
What are periods used to show?
The number of electron shells in atoms.
What are electrons?
Negatively charged particles around the nucleus.
What are protons?
Positively charged particles in the nucleus.
What are neutrons?
Particles in the nucleus with no charge.
What is the nucleus?
The centre of an atom containing protons and neutrons.
Why are some elements more reactive than others?
Their electron arrangements differ.
What is electron configuration?
The arrangement of electrons in shells.
Why do atoms react chemically?
To gain full outer electron shells.
What is a compound?
A substance made from chemically bonded elements.
What is a molecule?
A group of atoms bonded together.
What is a metal oxide?
A compound formed when metals react with oxygen.
What happens when metals react with oxygen?
They form metal oxides.
Why are periodic patterns useful?
They help predict element properties and reactions.
What is displacement in chemistry?
A more reactive element replacing a less reactive one.
How are elements classified?
By their properties and atomic structure.
Why is the periodic table important in science?
It helps scientists understand and predict chemical behaviour.