Japanese Immigrants

Meiji Restoration

1868

Irwin Convention

1885

arranged Japanese labor migration to plantations

Citizenship Act

1790

naturalization just for white people

Gentleman’s Agreemnt

1907

bilateral

Jpaan agreed to restrict passports for laborers going tot eh US

US avoided formally banning Japanese immigrants

Organic Act (Hawaii US Territory)

1910

formal US territorial gov for Hawaii

Ladies Agreement

1921

US pressured Japan to restrict immigrationof Japanese women

targeted picture bride migration

Turlock Incident

1921

Anti-Japanese violence in California

White farmers attaced Japanese farmers

Ozawa

1922

Takao Ozawa applied for ctizenship

Supreme Court ruled Japanese were not white and therefore cannot naturalize

Immigrant Act

1924

US immigration banned immigration from Japan

completely shut down Japanese immigration

Marked the peak of Asian exclusion

JMLA Strike

1903

Japanese-Mexican Labor Association strike

Skiriting Alien Land Laws

of 1913 and 1920

prohibited aliens ineligible for citizenship from owning land

SF School Board Case

1906

SF attempted to segregate Japanese students into separat schools

Japan promotested diplomatically, and the US governemnt intervened

internationally diplomacy could affect domestic policy

Samuel Gompers Oznard

1903

AFL leadership refused to support Japanese workers in the strike