CDI445 Final6

What are the two main types of therapy goals?

Long-term goals and short-term goals.

What is a long-term goal?

A long-term goal summarizes the communication behavior you want to see at the end of therapy.

What is a short-term goal?

A short-term goal is a building block that helps the client reach the long-term goal.

Why are short-term goals important?

They break a larger therapy goal into smaller, measurable steps.

What three parts should a good goal include?

A "do statement," a condition, and a criterion.

What is a "do statement" in goal writing?

It states what the child will do using an active, measurable verb.

Give examples of measurable verbs for a do statement.

Will produce, will imitate, will identify, will name, will point to, or will use.

What is a condition in goal writing?

The condition explains under what circumstances the behavior will occur.

Give examples of conditions in goals.

With verbal models, given picture cues, given visual aids, or when shown action cards.

What is a criterion in goal writing?

The criterion explains how much or how well the child must perform for the goal to be met.

Give examples of criteria in goals.

In 8 out of 10 trials, 5 times in a 15-minute conversation, or with 80% accuracy over 3 trials.

Why should goals use active, measurable verbs?

So the therapist can clearly observe and measure whether the client met the goal.

What does SMART stand for?

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-based.

What does "specific" mean in a SMART goal?

The goal clearly states what skill is being targeted.

What does "measurable" mean in a SMART goal?

The goal can be counted or scored.

What does "attainable" mean in a SMART goal?

The goal is realistic for the client to achieve.

What does "relevant" mean in a SMART goal?

The goal targets a skill that is meaningful for the client’s communication needs.

What does "time-based" mean in a SMART goal?

The goal includes a timeframe or performance expectation for when it should be achieved.

How general should therapy goals be?

Goals should be general enough to target skills in multiple ways but specific enough to clearly show what is being targeted.

Why must goals be attainable?

Because they should reflect what the client can realistically achieve.

What do semantic goals target?

Word meaning, vocabulary, object naming, descriptions, categories, and relationships between words.

What is an example of a semantic goal involving named objects?

Macy will point to named objects when given a field of 3 with 75% accuracy across 3 consecutive sessions.

What is an example of a semantic goal involving classroom objects?

Jamie will name classroom objects given 1 verbal cue in 13/14 opportunities.

What is an example of a semantic goal involving descriptions?

Lucy will find an object when given a description with no cues in 50% of opportunities.

What is an example of a semantic goal involving synonyms?

Jacob will provide the correct synonym of a word given visual aids in 7/10 opportunities.

What do morphology goals target?

Word parts that change meaning or grammar, such as plural -s, past tense, possessives, and present progressive -ing.

What is an example of a morphology goal involving plural -s?

Kristen will use plural -s in conversational speech when given a visual scene with 80% accuracy.

What is an example of a morphology goal involving irregular past tense?

Russ will use correct irregular past tense words with no cues in 15/20 opportunities.

What is an example of a morphology goal involving present progressive -ing?

The client will use present progressive -ing in sentences when shown action cards with 90% accuracy across a set of 20 pictures.

What does plural -s show?

It shows more than one, such as cats, dogs, or books.

What does present progressive -ing show?

It shows an action that is happening now, such as running, eating, or jumping.

What are irregular past tense words?

Past tense words that do not follow the regular -ed pattern, such as went, ate, or ran.

What do syntax goals target?

Sentence structure, word order, grammar, and sentence complexity.

What is an example of a syntax goal involving compound sentences?

Keith will use compound sentences using and, but, or, etc., when given two sentence prompts on 7/10 opportunities.

What are compound sentences?

Sentences that combine two ideas using words such as and, but, or, or so.

What is an example of a syntax goal involving subject-verb agreement?

Kayla will use correct subject-verb agreement in sentences to describe or respond to questions about an activity, picture, or story with 50% accuracy.

What is subject-verb agreement?

When the subject and verb match correctly, such as “She runs” instead of “She run.”

What do pragmatic goals target?

Social communication skills, such as joint attention, conversation, sarcasm, topic maintenance, and turn-taking.

What is an example of a pragmatic goal involving joint attention?

Jennifer will demonstrate joint attention with a preferred object for 5 minutes during a therapy session.

What is joint attention?

Joint attention occurs when two people focus on the same object or activity and share attention.

What is an example of a pragmatic goal involving sarcasm?

Rickey will correctly identify sarcasm when given a sentence in 6/10 opportunities.

What is an example of a pragmatic goal involving conversational turns?

Cindy will complete a minimum of 5 conversational turns when given an unpreferred topic.

What are conversational turns?

Back-and-forth exchanges between communication partners during a conversation.

Is this a good goal? “Adam will verbally request desired actions or objects from peers or caregivers with minimal prompting at least 5 times during a session.”

Good goal. It includes what Adam will do, the condition/support level, and a measurable criterion.

Why is Adam’s goal considered measurable?

Because it states that he will request desired actions or objects at least 5 times during a session.

Is this a good goal? “Jessie will use correct semantics during a conversation with no cues with 80% accuracy.”

Weak goal. “Correct semantics” is too broad and unclear. It should specify the exact semantic skill being targeted.

How could Jessie’s goal be improved?

Jessie will define age-appropriate vocabulary words during conversation with no cues with 80% accuracy across 3 sessions.

Is this a good goal? “Natalie will use plural -s during free play.”

Weak goal. It names the skill and condition, but it does not include a measurable criterion.

How could Natalie’s goal be improved?

Natalie will use plural -s during free play in 8 out of 10 opportunities across 3 sessions.

Is this a good goal? “John will use 3-4 word utterances during conversation given visual aids making up 75% of his utterances.”

Mostly good, but it could be clearer. It includes the target, condition, and criterion, but the wording should be more direct.

How could John’s goal be improved?

John will use 3- to 4-word utterances during conversation given visual aids in 75% of his utterances across 3 sessions.

What part of a goal tells what the child will do?

The do statement.

What part of a goal tells when or with what support the behavior will happen?

The condition.

What part of a goal tells when the goal is met?

The criterion.

What kind of verbs should goals use?

Active and measurable verbs.

Why should goals not be too vague?

Because vague goals are difficult to measure and do not clearly show what skill is being targeted.

Why should goals not be too narrow?

Because they should allow the skill to be targeted in multiple useful ways.

What type of goal targets vocabulary and meaning?

Semantic goal.

What type of goal targets word parts like plural -s or -ing?

Morphology goal.

What type of goal targets sentence structure?

Syntax goal.

What type of goal targets social communication?

Pragmatic goal.