hg midterm

demographics

statistical study of populations

carrying capacity

maximum population an environment can support

population growth rate

rate population increases/decreases annually

fertility rate

average number of children per woman

replacement rate

birth rate needed to keep population stable (2.1)

age structure

distribution of ages in population

dependency ratio

ratio of dependents to working age population

mortality

death rate

sex ratio

number of males per 100 female

natalist policies

against or with having babies

one child policy

chinas former law limiting most families to one child

population density and distribution

people per unit of land

immigration and emigration

moving in or out of a country

push and pull factors

war, poverty, disaster, jobs, safety, education

refugees

forced to flee their country due to danger

IDPs

internationally displaced people, forced to move but stay in country

brain drain

loss of education or skilled workers

guest workers

temporary migrant workers

remittance

money migrants send home

nativism

favoring native born citizens over immigrants

xenophobia

fear/dislikes of foreigners

geography

study of earths physical features, people, and how humans interact with places

spatial perspective

looking at the world in terms where things are location and why

thematic map

shows one topic/data pattern

isoline map

uses lines to connect equal values
(elevation/temp)

mental map

a persons internal perception of places

cartography

making it based off of the amount of scale

topographic map

studying the land surface (altitude)

choropleth

thematic map using color to represent statistics

toponym

place named after something monumental

GPS

satellite navigation system

GIS

computer tool stores geographic data

sustainability

using resources responsibly so future generations can meet needs

culture

shared beliefs, customs, practices of a group

elements of culture

language, religion, food, clothing, traditions, arts.

cultural landscape

visible human impact on environment

ethnocentrism

belief ones culture is superior

diffusion

spread of ideas/culture

globalization

worldwide spread of ideas/products

time space compression

technology makes distances feel faster

cultural convergence

cultures become more similar

distance decay

interaction decreases further away

monotheism

belief in one god

polytheism

belief in many gods

ethnicity

shared cultural heritage

assimilation

minority adopt dominant culture

acculturation

cultures exchange traits but stay distinct

centripetal

unification of a country

centrifugal

division of a country and its people

world scale

local (specific) national (nation/country w borders) regional (more than one singular place) global (entire world)

scale of world religions

Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism.

latitude

horizontal lines across earths surface (N or S at the equator)

longitude

vertical lines across the earths surface (E or W at the prime meridian)

international dateline

serves as boundary between one day and the next