Hist Dict Feudalism & Christianity

The __ was a hierarchical system where land was exchanged for military service and loyalty.

Feudal system

__ were powerful landowners who granted land to lesser nobles in exchange for loyalty.

Overlords

__ were lesser nobles who received land from overlords in exchange for military service.

Vassals

The __ ensured that titles, land, and power were passed down through family lines.

heredity system

A __ meant there was little opportunity for people to move between social classes.

rigid class structure

The highest-ranking nobles, such as dukes and counts.

Rights and duties

Mounted warrior who served lords in exchange for land.

Knights

Poor farmers who worked the land in exchange for protection.

Peasants

Difficulty moving up or down in social classes.

Low social mobility

Agreements (often written) between lords and vassals.

Contractual relationship

Under the feudal agreement, lords would __ to their vassals and peasants, ensuring their safety in times of conflict.

offer protection

In exchange for military service, lords would __ to their vassals, creating the basis of feudal relationships.

grant land

The __ dominated medieval Europe’s economy, with each estate functioning independently.

manorial system

At the centre of feudal life was the __, which included the lord’s residence, peasant cottages, and surrounding fields.

manor

Medieval manors were designed to be __, producing their own food, tools, and other necessities.

self-efficient

A code of conduct for knights emphasizing honor and bravery.

Kighthood

A written grant of rights or privileges.

Rules of chivary

Hard work and careful effort.

Diligence

Putting others’ needs before one’s own.

Selfless sacrifice

The status or rank of a knight, earned through service.

Charter

Self-government or independence.

Autonomy

Leaders of towns or cities.

Mayors

The growth of cities and towns.

Urbanization

Levels of education awarded by universities. (Bachelor, Master, Docter)

Degree system

A historical region in the Middle East, holy to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Palestine

__ was considered a holy city by three major religions and was a focal point of the Crusades.

Jerusalem

Medieval Christians studied the __ as their sacred text, which contained the Old and New Testaments.

Bible

Jesus’ __ travelled with him and spread his teachings after his death.

Twelve Apostles

Among Jesus’ followers, the __ held special significance as his closest companions.

disciples

According to Christian tradition, Jesus was __ by the Romans.

crucified

__ issued the Edict of Milan in 313 CE, making Christianity legal in the Roman Empire.

Constantine I

The __ became the dominant Christian institution in Western Europe, with its headquarters in Rome.

Roman Catholic Church

Centred in Constantinople, the __ developed distinct traditions from Western Christianity.

Eastern Orthodox Church

The __ of 1054 permanently divided Christianity and Western branches.

Great Schism

__ united much of Western Europe and was crowned Empowered by the Pope in 800 CE.

Charlemagne

A 1215 document that limited royal power

Magna Carta

The laws of the Christian Church.

Canon law

Religious men living in dedicated communities.

Monks

Religious communities where monks lived and worked.

Monasteries

A deadly plague that killed millions in 14th century Europe.

Black Death

Religious wars to reclaim Jerusalem (1096-1291)

Crusades

Muslim empire that conquered Constantinople in 145

Ottoman Turks