Exercise 5 Picture Diseases of Muscle and Bones

Cellular Elements of Bone Tissue: osteoblast – bone-forming cell; osteocyte – bone cells, osteoclast

Types of Bone Fractures

osteopenia – too little bone (due to decreased calcium deposition)

osteopenia – too little bone (due to decreased calcium deposition)

osteopetrosis – too much bone (increased calcium deposition)

osteopetrosis – too much bone (increased calcium deposition)

rickets – decreased mineralization of bones (young animals)

Osteonecrosis

osteitis – inflammation of bone

Osteosporosis

Osteonecrosis

osteomyelitis - inflammation of bone marrow

kyphosis – dorsal curvature of spine

scoliosis – lateral curvature of spine

scoliosis – lateral curvature of spine

lordosis – ventral curvature of spine

lordosis – ventral curvature of spine

kyphoscoliosis – dorsal and lateral curvature of spine. Kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis

kyphoscoliosis – dorsal and lateral curvature of spine. Kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis

syndactyly – fusion of adjacent (digits)

syndactyly – fusion of adjacent (digits)

syndactyly – fusion of adjacent (digits)

synostosis – osseous union of bones that are normally separated distinctly.

synostosis – osseous union of bones that are normally separated distinctly.

phocomelia – hypoplasia of limbs, hand and feet, attached directly to the body. congetital where the limbs are abnormally missing or short

amelia – absence of limbs

polymelia – excess in the number of limbs

hemimelia – absence of one or more segment of a limb

hemimelia – absence of one or more segment of a limb

exostosis (osteophyte) nodular, benign bony growth projecting outward from a surface of bone

enostosis – a body growth within medullary cavity/ bone island/osteopoikilosis

Callus – unorganized meshwork of woven bone that forms following a fracture

callus – unorganized meshwork of woven bone that forms following a fracture

Bone Neoplasms

• osteoma, osteosarcoma, chondroma, chondrosarcoma, fibroma, fibrosarcoma, osteochondrosarcoma

Myasthenia Gravis

• the animals own body begins making antibodies against the muscle receptor. This receptor is called the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor.

Myasthenia Gravis

Myasthenia Gravis

Myotonia

• is a skeletal prolonged contraction or delayed relaxation of muscles after voluntary movement or stimulation

myositis – inflammation of muscle

Myositis-muscle inflammation

• MMM most common Myopathy ofDog. (atrophic myositis or eosinophilic myosistis)

myositis – inflammation of muscle

Myositis-muscle inflammation

• MMM most common Myopathy ofDog. (atrophic myositis or eosinophilic myosistis)

Muscular Steatosis

• a condition where fat deposits replace muscle tissue

Muscular Steatosis

• a condition where fat deposits replace muscle tissue

Myorrhexis

Eosinophilic myositis (EM) is a rare group of conditions characterized by an inflammatory infiltrate of eosinophils within skeletal muscle tissue