Cleopatra and the Decline of Egypt

Vocabulary terms and historical facts regarding the life, rule, and political alliances of Cleopatra.

Cleopatra

The pharaoh or ruler of Egypt from $51\,B.C.$ to $30\,B.C.$, known for her beauty, intelligence, and charm.

Ptolemy family

The originally Greek family to which Cleopatra belonged.

Pharaoh

The title used for the ruler of Egypt; Cleopatra was the last person to hold this title in Egypt.

Ptolemy XII Auletes

The father of Cleopatra.

Julius Caesar

The emperor or ruler of Rome who formed an alliance with Cleopatra and helped her keep the Egyptian throne.

Mark Antony

One of three powerful Romans who controlled the Empire after Caesar's death; he formed an alliance with Cleopatra and fell in love with her.

$$44\,B.C.$$

The year in which Julius Caesar died.

$$33\,B.C.$$

The year Rome declared war against Egypt because Mark Antony was giving lands to Cleopatra and her children.

Battle of Actium

The naval battle where Mark Antony's and Egypt's navies fought against the Roman navy; the Romans were victorious.

Roman Empire

The powerful entity that Egypt became a part of after the death of Cleopatra in $30\,B.C.$

Cleopatra

The pharaoh or ruler of Egypt from $51\,B.C.$ to $30\,B.C.$, known for her beauty, intelligence, and charm.

Ptolemy family

The originally Greek family to which Cleopatra belonged.

Pharaoh

The title used for the ruler of Egypt; Cleopatra was the last person to hold this title in Egypt.

Ptolemy XII Auletes

The father of Cleopatra.

Julius Caesar

The emperor or ruler of Rome who formed an alliance with Cleopatra and helped her keep the Egyptian throne.

Mark Antony

One of three powerful Romans who controlled the Empire after Caesar's death; he formed an alliance with Cleopatra and fell in love with her.

$$44\,B.C.$$

The year in which Julius Caesar died.

$$33\,B.C.$$

The year Rome declared war against Egypt because Mark Antony was giving lands to Cleopatra and her children.

Battle of Actium

The naval battle where Mark Antony's and Egypt's navies fought against the Roman navy; the Romans were victorious.

Roman Empire

The powerful entity that Egypt became a part of after the death of Cleopatra in $30\,B.C.$