EASC 1000-topic 2

This topic covers chemistry and minerals

Element

Most basic component of chemistry, it is a substance that cannot be resolved into a simpler substance by chemical means

An atom

The basic unit of an element, the smallest particle of an element that retains all physical and chemical properties

Protons

\
\
Located in the nucleus of the atom. Has a +1 electrical charge and a large mass

Neutrons

Located in the nucleus of the atom, has a electric charge of O, it's mass is proton+ electron

Electrons

orbit around the nucleus in different “shells”

Atomic number

The number of protons an element has.

Atomic mass of an element.

Is the number of protons + the number neutrons

How many electrons can the innermost shell of n atoms contain

2 electrons

How many electrons can the outer most shell of an electron have ?

up to 8 electrons.

If the number of protons in the nucleus a of an atom is 6 how many protons are there in the shells.

6 electrons.

Why are atoms electrically neutral

due to electrons and protons having equal but opposite charges.

Valence shell

The outer most shell, in which atoms will gain, lose, and share electrons.

The basis for all Chemical reactions?

The gain, loss, or sharing of electrons

Compound

When 2 or more elements combine chemically

Molecule

The smallest unit into which a compound can be divided and still retain all the physical and retrain all the physical and chemical properties of the compound

When does a ionic bond form?

When one atom transfers an electron to another atom.

When does a covalent bond form

When one atom shares a electron with another

Isotopes

Same element with different number of neutrons

What is a mineral

A naturally occurring, solid, inorganic compformound that has a specific chemical composition and crystal

What is a crystal

A single continuous piece of crystalline material bounded by flat surfaces that form naturally as it grows

Cleavage

Planes that develop along directions where banding in the crystal structure are weakest. They break in the same repetitive direction every time

\

Fracture

Develop when there are no specific planes of weakness . When breaking it is not usually clean

Silicates

The main mineral class that makes the composition of the earth’s crust and mantle (is quartz, pyroxene, amphibole, and olivine). the most common