Wiedza o USA (Q Set 3)

What was the Sussex pledge?

Germany promised in 1916 not to sink merchant ships without warning after attacking the French ship Sussex. It aimed to prevent U.S. entry into WWI.

What was the Zimmermann Telegram and what was its importance?

A secret message from Germany to Mexico urging it to join a war against the U.S. In exchange, Mexico would regain lost territory. Its interception pushed the U.S. toward war.

When did the United States enter World War I?

April 6, 1917.

What were the key provisions of the Espionage Act of 1917 and Sedition Act of 1918?

Criminalized interference with the draft, spying, and speaking against the war or the government. Limited free speech.

What was the longest battle of World War I?

Battle of Verdun (France, 1916).

Which battle was America’s first significant battle, and first offensive, of World War I?

Battle of Cantigny (May 1918).

What was the largest operation of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) in World War I?

Meuse-Argonne Offensive (Sept–Nov 1918).

When did World War I end?

November 11, 1918 (Armistice Day).

What were the main goals of the "Big Four" leaders during the Paris Peace Conference?

• Wilson (U.S.): Lasting peace, League of Nations,

• Clemenceau (France): Punish Germany,

• Lloyd George (UK): Balance between punishment and stability,

• Orlando (Italy): Territorial gains.

What were the main provisions of the Treaty of Versailles?

• Germany accepted war guilt.

• Lost territory and colonies.

• Paid reparations.

• League of Nations created.

What was the League of Nations?

An international body aimed at preventing future wars; proposed by Wilson, but U.S. never joined.

What case exemplifies the tensions between science and religious beliefs in the 1920s USA?

Name the case and explain why it exemplifies the tensions between science and religious beliefs.

Science vs. Religion Case – Scopes Trial (1925).

A teacher was tried for teaching evolution, highlighting conflict between modern science and Christian fundamentalism.

Which American president proclaimed America’s neutrality at the outbreak of World War I?

Woodrow Wilson.

What is Wilson’s Fourteen Points?

A peace plan emphasizing self-determination, free trade, and the League of Nations.

Who were flappers in the 1920s?

Young women who challenged traditional gender norms through fashion, behavior, and attitudes in the 1920s.

When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?

June 28, 1919.

What were the two literary movements that emerged in the United States during the 1920s?

• Harlem Renaissance

• Lost Generation

What is referred to as the Black Tuesday?

October 29, 1929 – Stock market crash, beginning of the Great Depression.

What was the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, and what was its impact on supporting various sectors during the Depression?

Gave loans to banks, railroads, and industries to stimulate the economy during the Depression.

What were the "Hoovervilles"?

Shantytowns built by the homeless, named mockingly after President Hoover.

What was the Dust Bowl?

Severe drought and dust storms in the Great Plains during the 1930s, displacing thousands.

What did the Glass-Steagall Act (1933) aim to do?

Separated commercial and investment banking to prevent future crashes.

What were some of the major initiatives undertaken by the Works Progress Administration (WPA) under President Roosevelt's New Deal?

Built roads, schools, airports, and supported arts and literacy programs.

What were some of the long-term impacts and contributions of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal to the evolution of the American government and public perception of the executive branch?

• Expanded federal government role,

• Increased executive power,

• Introduced social safety nets.

What is the worst dust storm that occurred on April 14, 1935 called?

Known as Black Sunday.

What was Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal?

FDR’s series of programs to provide relief, recovery, and reform during the Depression.

Why is the Social Security Act of 1935 significant in US history?

Created the first federal retirement and unemployment insurance system.

What does it mean that the United States had an isolationist attitude following the First World War?

U.S. avoided foreign alliances and wars; focused on domestic issues.

What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928?

Countries renounced war as national policy, though unenforceable.

What was the significance of the Johnson Act of 1934?

Prohibited loans to countries that defaulted on WWI debts.

What did the Nye committee's investigation reveal about US corporations and their influence on military and naval procurement policies?

Suggested arms manufacturers and bankers influenced U.S. entry into WWI for profit.

How did the neutrality acts passed in the late 1930s aim to prevent the US from being dragged into war?

Banned arms sales and loans to warring nations to prevent U.S. involvement in future wars.

What was the significance of the Lend-Lease Act of 1941?

Allowed U.S. to send military aid to Allies before formally entering WWII.

What event led to the US officially entering World War II?

After Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941.

What were the key principles of the Atlantic Charter released by Roosevelt and Churchill?

• No territorial expansion,

• Self-determination,

• Free trade,

• Disarmament,

• Collective security.

What were Roosevelt's Four Freedoms which he enumerated in his speech?

• Freedom of speech,

• Freedom of worship,

• Freedom from want,

• Freedom from fear.

When was the attack on Pearl Harbor? Who attacked Pearl Harbor during the Second World War?

December 7, 1941 by Japan.

What did Roosevelt's Executive Order No. 9066 concern?

Authorized the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII.

When did Franklin Roosevelt die and who succeeded him as president?

Died April 12, 1945; succeeded by Harry S. Truman.

When did the “Big Three”- Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin- meet at Yalta?

February 1945 – Big Three planned post-war Europe and the United Nations.

What was the Manhattan Project?

Top-secret program to develop the atomic bomb.

When was the atomic bomb released on Hiroshima?

August 6, 1945.

When was the atomic bomb released on Nagasaki?

August 9, 1945.

Where and when was the official Japanese Instrument of Surrender signed at the end of the Second World War?

September 2, 1945, aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay.

When was the United Nations established? What were the key goals behind the establishment of the United Nations?

October 24, 1945 – to promote peace, security, cooperation, and human rights.

What motivations led the US to drop the atomic bomb on Japan, and what were the implications of this decision?

• To end the war quickly, avoid a costly invasion,

• Warn the Soviet Union,

• Led to Cold War tensions, arms race, and moral debates.