Health Science 6

Mastication/ Masticate

Chewing food to break it down.

Flatulence

Gas in the stomach that can cause belching or farting

Heartburn

A burning feeling in the chest due to stomach acid.

Enzyme

A substance that helps break down food.

Jaundice

Yellowing of the skin and eyes, often from liver issues

Peristalsis

Wave-like movement that pushes food through the digestive system.

Defecation

The process of getting rid of solid waste ( pooping) )

Rugae

Folds inside the stomach that help it stretch

Villi

Tiny finger-like structure in the intestines that absorb nutrients

Mesentery

Tissue that holds the intestines in place.

Cirrhosis

Scarring of the liver due to long-term damage.

Absorption

The process of taking nutrients from food into the body.

Alimentary Canal

The tube in the body where food passes through and is digested.

Bile

A liquid made by the liver that helps break down fats.

Bilirubin

A yellow substance made when the liver processes old red blood cells.

Bolus

A small round mass of chewed food ready to swallow.

Cecum

The beginning part of the large intestine.

Chyme

The thick liquid food becomes after digestion in the stomach.

Deciduous Teeth

Baby teeth that eventually fall out.

Digestion

The process of breaking down food to use for energy.

Lipase

An enzyme that breaks down fats.

Ptyalin

An enzyme in saliva that starts breaking down starches in food.

Mouth Function

Physical breakdown of food

Tongue

Taste, chewing and swallowing

Salivary Glands

Secrete saliva and enzymes, begin breakdown of food.

Oral cavity

Palate and Uvula

Palate

Assist in swallowing

Uvula

During swallowing, prevents food from entering nasal cavity.

Pharynx

Serves as a passageway for air and food.

Esophagus

Passageway for food and liquid to stomach, behind trachea.

Stomach

Digestion of food, pH 0-7, 2-4 hours for empty stomach

Enteroendocrine Glands

Secrete gastrin, stimulate cells to produce HCL and pepsinogen.

Parietal Cells

Produces Hydrochloric acid ( HCL ), consumes pepsingen to pepsin and instrinsic factor.

Muscus cells

Secretes alkaline muscus, neutralizes, HCL

Curdled milk

ADULTS DOES NOT HAVE IT.

Small intestine

Completion of digestion through changing carbs into glucose, protein into amino acids, fats into fatty acids.

Pancreas

Protease to proteins, amylase to starches/glucose, lipase to fats.

Liver

Produce bile, produce and store glycogen, manufacture blood proteins into fibrinogen and prothrombin, etc. ( breakdown of proteins )

Bile

Digest fats

Glycogen

Body processes

Gallbladder

Stores and concentrates bile, for fat digestion, inferior to liver.

Large intestine ( colon )

Water absorption, bacteria, action, fecal formation, gas formation and defecation.

Ascending colon

Right side of body

Transverse colon

Across abdominal cavity

Descending colon

Left side of body

Anorexia

Decrease, poor appetie

Anorexia Nervosa

Eating disorder, refuse to eat.

Bullemia

An emotional disorder, obsess to lose weight, extreme overeating

Caries ( tooth decay, cavities )

Damage to the tooth, bacteria produce acid from sugars.

Cholecystitis

Inflammation of gallbladder

Clert palate

Baby’s palate ( root of mouth ) does not develop.

Constipation

Delayed defecation, poop stuck.

Diarrhea

Watery poop

Gastroenteritis

Bacteria, virus, acidic food and liquids

Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD )

Smoking, coffee, caffeine, chocolate.