ASVAB Study Guide

Ohms Law:

Opposition to the flow of current.

Pharynx

further filters the air and aids in protections against infection

Phenotype

genes that express themselves in physical characteristics ex: eye color

Genotype

genetic make up, including both dominant and recessive alleles.

Allies

a gene which consists of hereditary factors

The Nervous system

Controls the functions of the body and receives stimuli from the environment

Spinal Cord

major connecting system between the brain and network of nerves. Carries impulse between all organs and the brains is also the control center for many simple reflexs.

Epiglottis

Closes when swallowing to prevent food from going down the airway into the Trachea

Ecology

Study of the interrelationship between organisms and their psychical surrounding. Ecologist employ a similar set of terminology

Biosphere

Zone of planet earth where life naturally occure including land, water, and air extending from the deep crust to the lower atmosphere.

Biome

Major life zone of interrelted species bound together by similar climate, vegetation and animal life

Medulla (Brain stem)

connection between the brain and the spinal cord. Controls involuntary actions (Breathing, swallowing, beating of heart).

Cerebrum

the major part of the brain. Thought to be the center of intelligence, responsible for hearing, seeing thinking, etc

Ecosystem

a system made up of a community of animals, plants, and other organisms as well as non-living aspects of its enviornment

Community

the collection of all ecologically connected species in an area

population

a group of organisms of the same species living in the same region

Producers (autotrophs)

make their own food vi photosynthesis

Decomposers (bacteria/fungi) aka saprotrophs

break down organic matter release minerals back into the soil

Scavengers (vertebrates, vultures, jaklas)

consuming refuse/decaying organic matter ex: carrion/decaying fish

Consumer AKA heterotrophas

animals that consumer other organisms to survive

Primary Consumer (herbivores)

eat plants

Secondary Consumers (carnivores/ omnivores)

eat primary consumers ex: wplves, lions, sharks

Tetiary Consumers (top carnivores)

capable of eating secondary conumers

Geology

is the science that deals with the history and composition of the earth and its life, especially as recorded in rocks

Central nervous system

contains all the other neurons found throughout the brain / spinal cord

Cerbellum

a big cluster of nerves tissue that forms the basis for the brain. Concerned with muscular coordination and the coordination of impulses sent out from the cerebrum

Gene

unit of inheritance

Pathway of the Heart

1. Superior Vena Cava 2. Pulmonary Artery 3. Right Atrium 4. Right Ventricle 5. Pulmonary arteries 6. Pulmonary Veins 7. Left Atrium 8. Left Ventricle 9. Aorta

The autonomic nervous system

regulates involuntary action in the heart, stomach and intestines

heart

4. Chambered pump with two collection chambers called atria and two pumping chambers called ventricles

Circulatory system

transport nutrients throughout the body and get rids of waste

Right atrium

recevies deoxygenated blood from the vena cava

Broncnioles/Alvelus

1.When the bronchi further subdivide into smaller tubes 2. Each Bronchiole ends in a small sac. The oxygen from the it enters into blood stream of a capillaries.

Diaphragm

system of muscles that allow the lungs to expand/contract drawing ir in and out

Trachea

further cleans air. Tranchea branches into left/right bronchi are two tubes that lead to the lungs

Right Ventricle

pumps blood through the lungs through the pulmonary artery

Pulmonary Vien

where oxygented blood returns and than travles to the left atrium than to the left ventricle, aroato, arties, body

Valves

help the blood from flowing backwards into the heart

Arteriotes

Smaller arteries, which supply blood to the tissue via the capillaries

Arteries

carry blood from the heart ti the tissues of the body. Thick wallled, conduction oxygenated lood at high blood pressure

Viens

Carry blood back to the heart from the capillaries. Thin-walled, conduct vlood at low pressure, contain many valves to prevent back flow. No pulse. Dark red deoxygentated blood

Capillaries

thin wall vessels, very small in diameter. Permit exchange of materials between the blood and the bodys cell (diffusion)

Red blood cell

oxygen carrying cell

White blood cells

fight infection by destroying foreign organisms

platelets

cell fragments that allow blood to clot. All blood cells created in bone marrow, located in the center of bone.

The digestive system

responsible for breaking down foods into material the body ca use for energy and body building

Digestive tract

essentically a ong nd winding tube that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus

Digestion Process

1. Mouth (teeth. tonuge = mechanical digestion, Saliva = being to break down startch) 2. Esophagus: pushed food into the stomach 3. Stomach : food is mixed with gastic acids and pesping, helps breakdown Protein 4. Small intestine 5. Large intestine 6. Kidney 7. Rectrum 8. Anus 9. Urthera

Small intestine

bulk of digestion takes place. Fid us broken down by enzymes (produced in the walls of the small intestine, pacreas, and liver)

Lipase

changes fat to glycerol and fatty acis

Pancreatic amylase

breaks down complex carbohydrtes into simple sugars

Trypsin

converts polypeptides into amino acids

Large intestine

waste/minerals in the waste matter are absorbed back into the body

Kidney

chemichal waste such as excess salts, minerals, waters, are filtered from the blood by the kidney and secreted into the urine

Water

for survival

Carbohydrates

metabolism

fats

provide energy for metabloism

vitamins

psysocilogical process ex: bone hardness, healthy gums

Fiber

provides bulk, allows large intestine to carry away waste matter

Protein

body maintence, growth, repair

Arthrophads have..

exoskeltons (external skeleton) ex: insects, spiders

Verterbrate have

endroskeletons (internal skeletons) ex: man

Bones function

main support of the body, protect vital organs, produce blod cells, store minerals ex: calcium

ligaments are..

the connecting bones to bones joints ex: elbow, knee, finger

Respiratory system

the process by which blodd cells absorbs oxygen and eliminates carbon dixoide and water vapor

Nasal Cavity

filters, moistens and warms the air

epiglotties

closes when swallowing to prevent food from going down the airway into the Trachea

Spinal Cord

major connecting center between the brain and network of nerves. Carries impulse between all organs and the brain and is also the control center for many simple reflexes.

Nervous System

controls the functions of the body and receives stimuli from the environment

Alles

...

One thousand meters is a...

kilometer

One one-hundreth of a meter is called a..

centimeter

Fahrenheit =

9/5Celsius + 32

Celsius =

5/9(f-32)

Element

a substance that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary chemical methods.

Atom

The smallest component of an elment that still retains the properties of the element

Proton

A subatomic particle found in the atmos nucleus tht carrues a positive electice charge

Neutron

A subatomic particle found in the atoms nucleus that carries a positive electric charge

Electron

A subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom. An electron carries a negative charge and has a miniscule mass. An atom has thw same number of negative electrons around the nucleus as the number of positive protons in the nucleus

Molecule

The smallest particle of an element of compound that can exist in the free state and still retain the characteristiccs of the element or compound. The molecules of elemens consist of one atom or tow or more similar atoms; the molecules of compounds consist of two or more different atoms.

Conduction

Is the simplest method of heat transfer. It is accomplished by direct contract. Metals are generally goo conductors of heat. Wood styrofoam and plastic are poor conductors of heat which make them good insulators

Convection

is the transfer of heat unevenly in a liquid or gas, lowering the densisty of the heated liquid or gas, which causes it to rise and the cooler liquid or gas to fall. The resuliting circulatory movement is termed convection.

Radiation

occurs when electromagnetic waves transmit heat. The heat we get from the sun is called radiation

atomic number is..

the number of protons in the nucleus and the number of electrons orbiting its shell

Protons have a ___ charge

positive

Neutrons have a ___ charge

neutral

Electrons have a ____ charge and

negative; are in motions around the nucleus

Shells

the various orbits that the electons occupy around the nucleys

Conductor

is an element that freely conducts electricity

Insulator

Does not conduct electricty at all

Semiconductor

is neither a good conductor nor insulator , but hs s ome remarkable properites that make it very useful for making electronic compnents

Electron Flow Theory

electrons flow away from areas of excess negative charge, to those with deficiency of negtive charge

Voltage

Electrical pressure

Current

The rate of flow of electrons through a conductor, it is measure in ampes which is one coulomb. One coulomb id the amount of a chare in 6.25 X 10 ^18 `

Direct Current

means that current only flows one way in a conductor

Altering Current

when the current flowing in a conductor changes direction many times in a second

Resistance

Opposition to the flow of current.

F =

9/5C+32

9/5 = 1.8

C =

5/9 F + 32 =

5/9 = .5555

Volume

the measurement of three-dimensional space