week 6 - intelligence

Wechsler definition

intelligence = ability to act purposefully, think rationally, and deal effectively with the environment

Intellectual disability

IQ < 70, childhood onset, adaptive behaviour deficits

Galton

heritability of intelligence, individual differences, first twin study, hereditary genius

Binet

first intelligence tests for children, introduced mental age

Stern 1912

IQ formula = mental age / chronological age x 100

Terman 1916

american adaptation = Stanford = Binet

Spearman

= G + S

G

= general intelligence

S

= specific ability

Thurstone

= 7 primary mental abilities

7 primary abilities

word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, numeracy, memory, reasoning, perceptual speed

Cattell Gf

fluid intelligence (Gf) = biological, problem-solving, declines with age, Raven’s tests

Cattell Gc

crystallised intelligence = learned knowledge, voacbulary, reading/general knowledge

WAIS

= adults

WISC

= children

WPPSI

preschool/primary, ages 3-7

WAIS-III

13 subscales, 4 factors

WAIS-III

verbal comprehension, perceptual organisation, working memory, processing speed

WAIS-IV

10 core + 5 supplementary subtests; 4 indices

Controversies: Goddard

believed intelligence/ “feeble-mindedness” was inherited; supported eugenics

Controversies: Flynn Effect

IQ scores increase across generation; replicated in NZ; about 10-15 IQ points = 1 SD; cannot be explained by genetics alone

Spearman

= g

Cattell

= fluid/crystallised

Binet

= mental age

Stern

= IQ formula

WAIS-IV

4 indices

Flynn Effect

= rising IQ