Electricity and Energy Lecture Notes Review

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts in electricity and energy for exam preparation.

Power (P)

The rate at which energy is transferred or converted.

Work (W)

The energy transferred by a force acting through a distance.

Kinetic Energy (KE)

The energy an object possesses due to its motion.

Gravitational Potential Energy (PE)

The energy stored in an object as it is raised above the ground.

Efficiency

The ratio of useful power output to total power input, often expressed as a percentage.

Voltage (V)

The measure of electric potential difference between two points in a circuit.

Current (I)

The flow of electric charge in a circuit, measured in Amperes (A).

Resistance (R)

The opposition to the flow of current in a conductor, measured in Ohms (Ω).

Ohm's Law

The principle stating that current (I) is directly proportional to voltage (V) and inversely proportional to resistance (R): $V = I imes R$.

Power formula

The formula for electric power is $P = V imes I$, where P is power in watts, V is voltage in volts, and I is current in amperes.

Electrical Conductor

Materials that allow electric charges to flow freely due to the mobility of their electrons.

Thermal Energy

The energy possessed by an object related to the temperature of its particles.

Latent Heat

The heat energy required to change a substance's state without changing its temperature.

Specific Heat Capacity

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C.

Frictional Force

The force that opposes the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, or material elements sliding against each other.

Potential Difference (Voltage)

The difference in electric potential energy per unit charge between two points.

Charge (Q)

The property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field, measured in Coulombs (C).