Basic life support/ CPR

Adults and adolescents (13 y/o - adult) CPR components

• Scene safety: Make sure the environment is safe for rescuers and victim

• Recognition of cardiac arrest: check for responsiveness, no breathing or only gasping, no definite pulse felt w/in 10 seconds

• Activation of emergency response system: If you are alone with no cell phone, leave the victim to activate the emergency response system and get the AED before beginning CPR

  • Otherwise, send someone and begin CPR immediately; use the AED as soon as it is available

• Compression- Ventilation ratio w/o advanced airway: CAB

  • 1 or 2 rescuers 30:2

• Compression- Ventilation ratio w/ advanced airway: Continuous compression at a rate of 100-120/ min, give 1 breath every 6 seconds (10 breaths/ min)

• Compression rate: 100-120/ min

• Compression depth: 2 in (5 cm)

• Hand placement: 2 hands on the lower half of the breastbone (sternum)

• Chest recoil: Allow full recoil

• Minimizing interruptions: Limit interruptions in chest compression to less than 10 seconds

Children (age 1-puberty) CPR components

• Scene safety: Make sure the environment is safe for rescuers and victim

• Recognition of cardiac arrest: check for responsiveness, no breathing or only gasping, no definite pulse felt w/in 10 seconds

• Activation of emergency response system:

  • Witnessed collapse: follow steps for adults and adolescents on the left

  • Unwitnessed collapse: give 2 minutes of CPR (5 cycles), Leave the victim to activate the ERS and get AED, Return to the child or infant and resume CPR; use the AED as soon as it is available

• Compression- Ventilation ratio w/o advanced airway: ABC

  • 1 rescuer: 30:2

  • 2 or more rescuers: 15:2

• Compression- Ventilation ratio w/ advanced airway: Continuous compression at a rate of 100-120/ min, give 1 breath every 6 seconds (10 breaths/ min)

• Compression rate: 100-120/ min

• Compression depth: at least 1/3 AP diameter of chest, about 2 inches

• Hand placement: 2 hands or 1 hand on the lower half of the breastbone (sternum)

• Chest recoil: Allow full recoil

• Minimizing interruptions: Limit interruptions in chest compression to less than 10 seconds

Infants <1 year CPR components

• Scene safety: Make sure the environment is safe for rescuers and victim

• Recognition of cardiac arrest: check for responsiveness, no breathing or only gasping, no definite pulse felt w/in 10 seconds

• Activation of emergency response system:

  • Witnessed collapse: follow steps for adults and adolescents on the left

  • Unwitnessed collapse: give 2 minutes of CPR (5 cycles), Leave the victim to activate the ERS and get AED, Return to the child or infant and resume CPR; use the AED as soon as it is available

• Compression- Ventilation ratio w/o advanced airway: ABC

  • 1 rescuer: 30:2

  • 2 or more rescuers: 15:2

• Compression- Ventilation ratio w/ advanced airway: Continuous compression at a rate of 100-120/ min, give 1 breath every 6 seconds (10 breaths/ min)

• Compression rate: 100-120/ min

• Compression depth: at least 1/3 AP diameter of chest, about 1.5 inches (4cm)

• Hand placement:

  • 1 rescuer: 2 fingers in the center of the breast just below the nipple

  • 2 or more rescuers: 2 thumb encircling hand in the center of the chest, just below the nipple

• Chest recoil: Allow full recoil

• Minimizing interruptions: Limit interruptions in chest compression to less than 10 seconds

Chest compression rate

• 100-120/ min

Compression depth

• at least 2 inches/ 5cm

Recoil

• Allow for full chest recoil between compression

Pause during compression

• minimize pause during compression

Breaths per compression

• 2 breaths per 30 compressions

Chest rise with breaths

• Allow chest to rise fully w/ breaths