Roman Era Terms - HIST 1111 Exam Review

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the Roman era as outlined in HIST 1111 lecture notes.

Republic

The style of democratic government of Rome established in 509 BC following the Etruscan monarchy, leading up to the Roman Empire.

Senate

The key political unit of Rome that possessed great political power, initially dominated by patricians, but later involving plebeians.

Twelve Tables

A collection of laws displayed publicly to ensure the rights of plebeians during the Conflict of the Orders.

Patrician

Members of the noble and wealthy class of Roman citizens.

Plebian

Commoners or the lower class of Roman citizens.

Carthage

A Phoenician colony in North Africa that was the subject of the Punic Wars.

Punic Wars

A series of wars between Rome and Carthage, from the mid-200s to mid-100s BC, resulting in Roman victory and destruction of Carthage.

Gaul

The region that corresponds to modern France, conquered by Julius Caesar for the Republic.

Actium

A naval battle in 31 BC where Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra.

Antony

A Roman leader allied with Cleopatra, who was involved in a power struggle with Octavian.

Cleopatra

The last queen of Egypt, known for her relationships with Julius Caesar and Marc Antony.

Octavian

The adopted son of Caesar who became the first emperor of Rome, also known as Augustus.

Pax Romana

A period of political stability and peace in the Roman Empire lasting approximately 200 years from the time of Octavian.

Roman Citizenship

The status granted that helped stabilize political threats during the Pax Romana.

Princeps Civitatis

Title preferred by Octavian, meaning 'first citizen' of Rome.

Jerusalem

The seat of Jewish power under Roman rule and location of the 2nd Temple destroyed during a Jewish Revolt.

Messiah

Means 'Anointed One'; a term associated with expectations of a kingly ruler from the line of David.

Jesus Christ

The spiritual figure believed to be the Messiah, who established a spiritual kingdom rather than an earthly one.

Suffering Messiah

Refers to the belief that Jesus' ministry and sacrificial death addressed sin and salvation.