soc 100 last half termssse

biological sex

biology which in Euro-Canadaian cultures has traditionally been equated with the dualism of female/male, we ften hear references to the opposite sex

gender at macro level

societal norms that dicate the traits that are considered acceptable for members of different sexes.

gender at micro level

each of us has a gender identit: a personal understanding of our own gender, each of us also exhibits a particular gender expression, through our outward appearances and actions

heterosexuality

attraction to the members of the "opposite sex" = heterosexuality

homosexuality

attraction to members fo the "same sex' is considered homosexuality

gender binary

the idea that there are only 2 genders which correspond to biological sex and are associated w specific and sep norms for each gender

sex and gender as spectrums

there are a wide range of potential biological markers in which variation naturally occurs, so the idea that there are only 2 sexes is inaccurate

intersex

people w sex characteristcs that fall outside of the male/female binary

two spirit

Indigenous interpretations of third genders

embodiment

we cannot separate our thoughts, feelings and actions from the bodies we inhabit and the bodies of others with who we interact w

body work

encompasses the various ways work is embodied

appearance work

the maintenance of bodily appearance to adhere to cultural stands(showering, makeup, nails), hygiene standards people are expected to follow - mandated by work like steakhouse employees

emotional labour

the management of one's feelings to evoke particular emotional responses in order to produce profit -flight attendants, receptionists

intercorporeal body work

involves working on or for other people's bodies -physiotherapists, estheticians, nurses etc

body-making through work

the work environment is eritten on he body bc it changes a body physically and physiology -ex a miner getting respiratory disease as a result of the fumes

holiday body work

the intersection of various types of body work activated during a particular time and in relations to a particular ritual -thanksgiving

intersectionality

the theoretical approach that analysis multiple aspects of social location as intertwined producing differential experiences..(smn)

habitus

deeply ingrained ideas, values and worldview that we acquire in our experiences with th social world -nationality, class, gender

toxic masculinity

form of manhood where physical dominance over others, violence towards womena nd sexual minorities, and sexual entitlement are regarded as natural

ethnicity

nation, cultural chracterisitcs like language, religion, taste in food, shared descent, cultural trad, and shared geographical locations

ethnic origin

objective ethnicity ancestral background

ethnic identity

subjective how you personally identify yourself

race

socially constructed referring to very broad categories that people are divided into that are biologically arbritrary yet considered to be generally based on shared phys characteristcs

racialization

the process by which groups come ot be designated as a race and subjected to unequal treatment

scientific racism

attempts to co opt the authority of science as objective knowledge to justify racial inequality

phenotype

phsyical traits

haplotypes

groups of alleles are called haplotypes which tend to be inheirited tgth

haplogroups

which are associated w geographical origins

visible minority

non indigenous, non caucausion in ace or non white in colour

racialized group

the better term to actually try to eliminate racial discrimination

BIPOC

black, indigenous and people of colour

structural precarity

migrant workers are not allowed to unionize, covered by provincial employment standards legislation, or eligible for social programs

intersectional capitalism

remittances

workers working ina forgeoin country and then sending money back into their home country to their fam

genocide

the destruction of the nat pattern of the oppressed group and the imposition of the nat patern of the oppressor

dominant group

have greater power and porevilege - historically white anglo sexon

minority group

groups that are social disadvantaged and that experience unequal treatment not that minority means power not to number

interactions bw dom and min groups can take patterns of assimilation, multiculturalism and segregation/pop transfer

assimilation

when the minotity culture is absorbed into the culture of the dom group

residential schooling

segregation

min groups are separeated fr dom group

population transfer

forcibly wxpels members of certain min groups from a country or limits them to a location

indigenous place thought

the premise that the land is alove and thinking, human existence is intertwined w land, water and other non human beings

prejudice

an attitude that us ynreakted to reality and is generalized to all members of a certain group

racism

specific form of prejudice based on physical appearance and the socially constructed meanings based off those appearances

institutional/systemic racism

racial discrim is embedded in policies and practices wn organizations like discrim hiring practices

white supremacy

race norming

deviance

behaviours that violate collective understandings of what is "right" and "wrong" in particular social context ex tattooss, drinking, eating certain animals

social control

actions that are intended to prevent, correct, punish or cure behaviours or charactersitics that are perceived as unacceptable -through law or policy, or everyday social interactions

crime

these acts are subjected to formal, institutionalized measures of social control through the criminal justice system -criminal code, youth criminal justice act, controlled drugs and substances act

criminalization

this process when behaviour becomes subjected to regulation through criminal law

positivist views of crime

takes individual, biological characteristics, like skull size, bodies and congenital differences as markers of criminality

social bond theory

the social bond refers to individuals' relaitonships to he society in which they live and consists of attachment, commitment, involvement and belief

feminist view on crime

this perspective does not accept that men and boys are inherently more violence or prone to crime, rather this approach focuses on the broader cultural value system that teaches us acceptable ways to act

deterrence theory

on the premise that people are ration and that rimes happens when the benefits outweighs the costs

panopticon

the process by whcih individuals are led to presume they are subecjted to consatnt levels of surveillance by authorities, leading them to confomr to particular standards of conduct

genealogical approach

examines perceptions, stereotypes and predominant social discourses that inform how social institutions treat people

colonial legal imaginary

the images, ideas, philosophies, hopes and dreams that the colonial regime had ab their developing nation and Indigenous peoples -the doctrine of discover and terra nullius

law and order perspective

we should have harsher sentencing f criminals, increasing incarceration and an inc role of fear in which the crim justice plays a prominent role -zero tolerance policy, minimum mandatory sentencing

over incarceration

today, indigenous polpe are overincarcerated relative to their total population

in 202, despite only making up 5% of the total population, they made up 30% of the fed prison pop

recidivism

the tendency of ex-offeneders to reoffend, often measure in two year reconviction rates

school resource officers

in school cops that are in marginalized (in terms of race and class) communities

school to prison pipeline

describes a pattern where students are "tracked" fr educational institutunos into the youth and adult criminal justice systems

restorative justice

an approach based on informal processes that emphasize healing and the reparation of harm that offenders have caused victims and community members rather than focusing on punishing the offender

health

a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

morbidity

the prevalence and patterns of disease in a population

mortality

the incidence and patterns of death in a population

epidemiological transition

Historical changes in patterns of morbidity and mortality, from a predominance of infectious and parasitic diseases to degenerative diseases- eradication of measles, smallpox and then coming back bc people don’t vaccinate

micro level causes of illness and death

individual behaviours or “lifestyle choices” like smoking, poor diet and inactivity, and alcohol use.

macro level causes of health

social inequalities linked to socioeconomic status, race, immigration; the social determinants of health

medicalization

the process by which non-medical conditions come to be treated as medical phenomena requiring intervention by experts -ex intersex vs disorders of sexual development

demedicalization

resistance to medical authority in everyday life, has been advocated by grassroots groups and academics

disability

broad term covering a wide range of conditions that affect an individual’s physical, cognitive, sensory, or social experiences -intellectual and dev disabilities

critical disability studies

an interdisciplinary field that examines disability as a social, cultural, and political phenomenon -aims to understand how society constructs disability and perpetuates inequalities

ableism

discrimination or prejudice against individuals with disabilities, including the attitudes, beliefs, and practices that devalue and marginalize people based on their disabilities, often perpetuating stereotypes and social inequalities

impression management

how people consciously or unconsciously manipulate and attempt to control the perceptions that other people have of us in the front stage

looking-glass self

the sense of ourselves that we develop based on our perceptions of how others view us

intimate citizenship

rights to choose what we do with our bodies, our feelings, our identities, our relationships, our genders, our eroticisms, and our representations

social determinants of health

non-medical factors that influence health outcomes. They are the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life

food deserts

communities where there is limited access to healthy foods

food swamps

communities where there is an abundance of unhealthy food choices

healthy immigrant effect

where recent immigrants tend to have better health than people who are Canadian-born -policy selects for those in good health, working age and mid-to-upper class in their home countries

salmon effect

many immigrants return to their place of origin as they age and their health declines

upstream thinking

interventions at the community level such as health policy, education, and neighbourhood infrastructure

environmental sociology

the subfield of sociology concerned w human societies' interactions w non human nature

socio-ecology

a social understand of nature and its productions as a web of interconnected social, cultural, natural and material elements

climate change

human interaction w nature more evident than in anthropogenic climate change

the average temp if earth's surface bw 2011 and 2020 was 1.1 cels warmer than the average temp pre indus and warmer than at any time in the last 100k years

environmental racism

the disproportionate exposed of black, indinggeouns and other racialized communities to environmental burdens, pollutants, contaminants

your postal code determines your health and postal code is determined through race and class

environmental grief

refers to intense feelings of gired experiences bc of climate related losses to species, ecosystems, and landscapes

myths

how have nat myts related to our climate been constructed -sugar shack myth of Canada

fire supression

preventing forest fires at all costs

systems of representation

the use of language, symbols, and signs to create meaning ab something - fire prevention became tied to patriotism

wildland urban interface

large population increases in areas with flammable vegetation

risk society

modern tech have enabled the accumulation of wealth, but produced hazardous side effects like pollution, financial crises, fraud, criminal activity and global pandemics

prison labour

CA(the state) used prisoners as 30% of their firefighting force

environmental justice

concerned w the fairness of processes that structure groups' relationsh w the non-human enviro

indigenous fire stewardship

indigenous cultural burning is a practice of prescpription burning for ecological and cultural purposes

climate migration

over the past 10 years, weather related disasters have caused 220 mil internal displacements, approx. 60k displacements/day

planned migration

rather than waiting to be displace, a planned migration is underway under a lottery system, for island of Tuvalu residents to relocate to AU

globalization

a matrix of social processes that is transforming our present social condition of conventional nationality into one of globality - the process