I

What does Andrews’s title “Deindustrialization of India” refer to?

The decline of South Asia’s industry and economy under British rule.

What does Andrews’s global GDP data on p. 97 reveal?

South Asia’s share of global wealth collapsed during colonialism.

What does this GDP decline tell us?

That British rule drained South Asia’s resources instead of developing them.

What key concept does Andrews discuss on p. 98?

Orientalism.

According to Andrews, what is Orientalism?

A Western way of defining and controlling “the Orient” as inferior or exotic.

How does Orientalism relate to colonial policy?

It justified domination by depicting colonized peoples as incapable of self-rule.

Who governed India before direct British rule?

The East India Company (EIC).

What was the East India Company’s main goal?

Profit through trade and taxation.

What kind of taxes did the EIC impose?

Heavy land and production taxes.

How did the EIC use the taxes it collected?

To fund British administration and armies, not local welfare.

What was one of the EIC’s most destructive legacies?

Its role in worsening famine through exploitative taxation.

What continued after direct British rule replaced the EIC?

Many of the same exploitative policies.

What pattern of governance persisted?

Extraction of wealth and suppression of local industry.

How does Andrews describe British economic policy in India?

As deliberately deindustrializing.

What does “deindustrialization” mean here?

The dismantling of existing industries and crafts in the colony.

What traditional sector was especially damaged?

The textile industry.

What was imported to replace local goods?

British-manufactured textiles.

What happened to Indian weavers and artisans?

They lost livelihoods and were driven into poverty.

How did colonialism reshape India’s role in the global economy?

From a producer of goods to a supplier of raw materials.

What does Andrews say about “civilizing missions”?

They were masks for economic exploitation.

What kind of “progress” did colonialism claim to bring?

Modernization and development.

What kind of “progress” did it actually bring?

Economic dependency and underdevelopment.

How does Andrews connect this to neo-imperialism?

He argues the same logic persists in modern trade systems.

What were the British priorities under direct rule?

Taxes, troops, and exports.

What effect did high taxation have on peasants?

It impoverished them and caused famine.

What major event in 1947 does Andrews discuss?

The Partition of India.

How does Andrews portray the Partition?

As evidence of British incompetence and violence.

What was the human cost of Partition?

Hundreds of thousands killed and millions displaced.

What does Andrews mean by “they couldn’t even leave without killing”?

That British withdrawal was chaotic and deadly.

After 1947, what kind of recovery does Andrews describe?

Rapid industrial and economic rebuilding.

What aspect of India’s recovery does he praise?

Its resilience and industrial growth after independence.

What does Andrews warn about this recovery?

That it occurs within neo-colonial trade structures.

What is “neo-colonialism” in Andrews’s view?

Continued economic domination after formal political independence.

How does trade keep India tied to global capitalism?

Through dependency on exports and Western markets.

What contradiction does Andrews identify in modern India?

Economic success alongside persistent poverty.

What historical causes underlie India’s inequality?

Colonial economic restructuring and deindustrialization.

What does Andrews say about the role of race in imperial ideology?

It rationalized exploitation by constructing racial hierarchies.

How does Orientalism legitimize empire economically?

By depicting the colonized as needing Western control.

What was Britain’s global image during empire?

A “civilizing” nation bringing order and progress.

What was the reality behind that image?

Violent extraction and destruction of local economies.

What does Andrews say about postcolonial optimism?

It must be tempered by awareness of lingering inequality.

What is the moral lesson of Andrews’s analysis?

Colonialism’s effects endure even after independence.

What does Andrews suggest about economic “freedom”?

It can reproduce colonial hierarchies under new names.

How is India’s modern economy shaped by its colonial past?

Through structures of export dependence and inequality.

What was the original wealth status of precolonial South Asia?

One of the richest regions in the world.

What does its postcolonial poverty indicate?

The scale of British economic destruction.

What role did the EIC play in India’s industrial collapse?

It prioritized revenue over local economic health.

What colonial policy patterns persist in modern trade?

Unequal exchange and resource extraction.

What lesson does Andrews want readers to take from India’s history?

That imperialism’s “development” narrative is false.

What unites Davis’s and Andrews’s interpretations of empire?

Both expose how “modernization” and “civilization” served as covers for exploitation.