Gr11 Chem Exam - Unit 2

empirical evidence from chemical reactions

change in colour, temp, odour, formation of gas/solid (new substance formed)

kinetic molecular thoery

all particles are in continuous random motion and temp is a measure of the particles speed

collision thoery

chemical reactuons are the products form collission between atoms and groups of atoms. the products depepdn on the energy ansd orientation of the collision

writing word equation

solid _ , liquid _ , _ gas, aqeous _ OR _ solution (but not for acids)

when to refer to solubility table

if one of ractants are (aq) or (l) or H20
or
key word dissolved

synonym o f reactant

reagent

subscript of compunds

how much of each atom needed for proper ioncic/covalent bonds (stable octets)

how to choose state symbols for elements

choose at SATP (Hg + Br = liquid)

how to choose state symbols for ionic compounds

solid

if H2O, (aq), or (l) present = solubility table

how to choose state symbols for molecular compounds

less atoms = (g) or (l)

morea toms = (s)

how to choose state symbols for combustion products

(g) cause of high temps

complete combustion

enough O2

flame is blue

products are CO2 + H20

incomplete combustion

flame orange/red

insufficient oxygen

many possible rations possible, empirical evidence needed

products are unwanted oxides

soot

combustion definition and components

fuel + O2 —> oxides + E (heat, sufficient heat, spark)

fuel is usually a hydrocarbon

oxides: CO2, H20, CO, etc

“The reaction of a substance with oxygen, producing oxides and  releasing energy.”

most common oxides in combustion reactions

CO2, H20, SO2, NO2

element + element

—> binary compound

metalllic oxide + H20

—> base

non-metallic oxide + H20

—> oxyacid

metallic oxide + CO2

—> metallic carbonate

metallic hallide + O2

—> mettalic chlor/brom/iod-ate

lone element + H20

—> H2(g) + element hydroxide

double displacement reactions reactants

must be (aq)

double displacement reactions products

1. one product be (g)

2. precipitate formed, one (g) and one (aq)

3. Neutralization rection (acid + base —> salt + water)

if both products are aq, no reaction occured

limewater

detect CO2

solution turns cloudy

Cobalt chloride paper

detects H20

blue to lightish pink

blue litmus paper

turns red in acids

red litmus paper

turns blue in bases

bromothymol blue

yellow in acids

green in neutral

blue in base

phenolphthalein

pink in bases

cloudy in acid

colourless in neutral

flaming splint test

detects H2: pop sound, flame remains

detects CO2: flame extinguishes

glowing splint test

detects O2: flame reignites

How to decompous hydrated salts (what states are products)

with heat

salt = solid
h20 = liquid

combination vs synthesis

charge lone multivalent metals take in sungle displacement

the higher charge

most convincing evidence of chemical change

new substance formed

fizzing/bubbling = gas produced

not heat because it can also be a factor for phsyical changes

what will happen in the displacement of metals by metals in a single displacement reactions?

solution changes colour, displaced metal will deposit on surface of metal reactant (metal reactant will change colour)

exothermic reactino

chemical reaction where there is a NET release of energy

state of comound reactant in single displacement ractions

aq

qualitative properties of acids

sour taste, corrossive

qualitative properties of bases

slippery, bitter