Poultry Respiratory and Urinary ICVA Diseases

Aspergillosis:C.S

Gross lesion: Numerous firm white/yellow fungal granulomas throughout lung and airsacs

Dyspnea

Fever

Inappetence

Emaciation

CNS: Torticollis + tremors if severe

Aspergillosis:D.X

Necropsy

Fungal culture

Histopath

Aspergillosis:

NO EFFECTIVE TX focus on prevention

Cull severely affected birds

Remove birds from contaminated environment

Improve air quality

Strict cleaning and disinfection

Avoid moldy bedding or feed

Avian metapneumovirus

Bordetellosis (Turkey Coryza): C.S

Primarily 1-6 weeks of age

Sneeze + Cough

Water/foamy eyes, racoon eye

Nasal discharge

Dyspnea + tracheal rales

Altered vocalization

Severe: tracheal collapse

Bordetellosis (Turkey Coryza):D.X

Isolation of bordetella avium or bordetella hinzii from respiratory tract

PCR

Bordetellosis (Turkey Coryza): T.X

ABX is rarely effective

Prevention: biosecurity + vaccines

Note: High morbidity, low mortality

Chlamydiosis ( psittacosis, ornithosis):C.S

Respiratory distress: dyspnea, cough, sneeze

Conjunctivitis

Nasal/ocular discharge

Lethargy + anorexia

Diarrhea

Decreased egg production

Chlamydiosis ( psittacosis, ornithosis):D.X

Hx

PCR, ELISA, culture

Serology (antibodies)

Chlamydiosis ( psittacosis, ornithosis):T.X

ABX: Tetracyclines, doxycycline

Supportive care

Prevention: PPE (zoonotic) Biosecurity

Fowl cholera( Pasteurella multocida) :C.S

Acute: sudden death, fever, anorexia, cyanosis of comb+ wattles, diarrhea

Subacute: Cough, sneeze, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis

Chronic: Swollen wattles + joints + footpads, lameness, abscesses

Fowl cholera:D.X

Bacteria isolation: using blood, tissues, swabs

PCR

Histopath

Fowl cholera:T.X

ABX: Sulfonamides, tetracycline, penicillin

PREVENTION: High mortality control asap with biosecurity, vaccination and regular monitoring

Cull chronic/reservoir birds

Infectious Bronchitis:C.S

Resp: Cough,sneeze,nasal discharge, dyspnea

Decreased feed intake + poor growth

Nephritis leading to wet drippings + increased water

Depresion + lethargy

Infectious Bronchitis virus:D.X

PCR or virus isolation using tracheal or cloacal swabs

ELISA (for antibodies)

Histopath

Infectious Bronchitis:T.X

NO ANTIVIRAL

Supportive care and abx for secondary bacterial infection

Prevention: Vaccination + biosecurity

Infectious coryza(Avibacterium paragallinarum):C.S

Nasal discharge

Swelling of face and wattles

Conjunctivitis

Sneeze + cough

Decreased feed intake + weight loss

Drop in egg production

Depression + Lethargy

Infectious coryza(Avibacterium paragallinarum):D.X

Hx + Clinical examination

Isolation from nasal swab/tissue

PCR

ELISA( antibodies)

Infectious coryza(Avibacterium paragallinarum):T.X

ABX: Sulfonamides, tetracycline, erythromycin

Supportive care

Prevention: Vaccination + Biosecurity

Infectious laryngotracheitis (Gallid alphaherpesvirus):C.S

Severe respiratory distress

Cough + Gasping

Nasal discharge + conjunctivitis

Swollen eyes + Sinuses

Bloody mucus+ expectoration of blood

Decreased feed intake + weight loss

Drop in egg production

Depression + Lethargy

Infectious laryngotracheitis ( Gallid alphaherpesvirus):D.X

PCR or virus isolation using tracheal swabs

Histopath of tracheal tissues

ELISA

Infectious laryngotracheitis ( Gallid alphaherpesvirus):T.X

NO ANTIVIRAL

Supportive care

ABX for secondary bacterial infections

Prevention:Vaccination (live atten or recombinant) + Biosecurity

IF SEVERE OUTBREAK: cull

Influenza (HPAI): C.S

Sudden death

Severe respiratory distress

Swelling of head, neck, eyes

Cyanosis of the comb + wattles

Hemorrhages on the shanks and under the skin

Decreased feed intake + egg production

Neuro signs: tremors, incoordination

Influenza (HPAI): D.X

PCR or Viral isolation using tracheal/cloacal swabs

ELISA

Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test: subtype virus

Influenza (HPAI): T.X

Depopulate

Prevention: vaccination in endemic areas + Biosecurity

Influenza (LPAI): C.S

Mild respiratory signs: Cough + Sneeze

Decreased egg production

Conjunctivitis

General lethargy

Influenza (LPAI): D.X

PCR or Viral isolation using tracheal/cloacal swabs

ELISA

Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test: subtype virus

Influenza (LPAI): T.X

Supportive care

Prevention: vaccination in endemic areas + Biosecurity

Mycoplasmosis (mycoplasma gallisepticum or synoviae):C.S

Leads to chronic respiratory disease and synovitis

MG

- Cough + sneeze + nasal discharge

- Swollen infraorbital sinuses

- Conjunctivitis

- Decreased feed intake + weight loss

- Drop in egg production

- Respiratory Distress

MS

- Mild respiratory signs

- Swollen joints + lameness

- Synovitis

- Decreased growth rate + egg poduction

Mycoplasmosis (mycoplasma gallisepticum or synoviae):D.X

PCR

Bacterial Isolation

ELISA

Mycoplasmosis (mycoplasma gallisepticum or synoviae):T.X

ABX: Tylosin, Tetracycline, Fluoroquinolones

Supportive care

Prevention: Vaccination in endemic area + Biosecurity

Elimination program in breeder flocks

Newcastle Disease Velogenic C.S

Sudden death

Severe respiratory distress (gasp/cough)

GREENISH DIARRHEA

Swelling of the head/neck

Nervous signs (tremors, paralysis, torticollis)

Hemorrhages in the intestines

Newcastle Disease Mesogenic C.S

Respiratory signs

Decreased egg production

Nervous signs

Newcastle Disease Lentogenic C.S

Mild respiratory signs

Slight drop in egg production

Newcastle Disease:D.X

PCR or Viral isolation: tracheal/cloacal swabs

Serology: (HI) test

Histopath

Newcastle Disease:T.X

NO ANTIVIRAL

Supportive care

Prevention: Vaccination + Biosecurity

Velogenic: whole flock depopulation

Mycobacterium avium (Avian TB):C.S

Primarily affecting older birds:slow development of dz

Progressive weight loss

Reduced feed intake

^mortality over time

Enlarged liver and spleen at necropsy

As it progresses it will have bone involvement

Mycobacterium avium (Avian TB):D.X

Rads+ U/S

Necropsy: Granulomatous lesions in liver,spleen, bonemarrow

PCR

Histo: Acid fast bacteria

Mycobacterium avium (Avian TB):T.X

Cull/depopulate

Prevention: Biosecurity

Syngamus Trachea (Gapeworm):CS

Gaping

Cough

Gasp for air

Suffocation

Syngamus Trachea (Gapeworm):D.X

Red, Yellow shaped worms in the trachea (Necropsy)

Fecal float

HX of eating earthworms

Syngamus Trachea (Gapeworm):T.X

Fenbendazole

Urolithiasis

Vent gleet

Caused by candida overgrowth

TX: nystatin + probiotics

Visceral gout

^ in uric acid—> urate crystals in the kidneys, pericardium, peritoneum, liver capsule

Decrease protein in diet to decrease uric acid levels