Personality FInal Flashcards Set

Gordon Allport

Emphasizes uniqueness of individual traits and personal dispositions, categorizing them into cardinal, central, and secondary traits.

Cardinal Traits

Dominant traits that influence a person's behavior across many situations.

Central Traits

General characteristics that form the foundation of a person's personality.

Secondary Traits

Traits that are more preferences and less dominant than cardinal and central traits.

Functional Autonomy

The concept that motives can change as individuals grow, focusing more on personal goals.

Raymond Cattell

Stresses identifying specific traits through empirical research and factor analysis, leading to the development of the 16PF.

Source Traits

Underlying characteristics that determine surface traits and influence behavior.

Surface Traits

Observable behaviors that are expressed through source traits.

Hans Eysenck

Identifies three major dimensions of personality: Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Psychoticism.

Biological Bases of Personality

The idea that individual variations in personality traits may be linked to neurological functioning and genetics.

Needs-Hierarchy Theory

Maslow's theory outlining a pyramid of needs ranging from physiological requirements to self-actualization.

Self-Actualization

The process of realizing and fulfilling one's potential, characterized by independence and creativity.

Positive Regard

Acceptance and recognition from others, including unconditional positive regard and positive self-regard.

Conditions of Worth

Societal expectations that can hinder an individual's drive toward self-actualization.

George Kelly

Sees individuals as scientists creating personal constructs based on their observations.

Constructive Alternativism

The idea that individuals can change their perspectives to alter their experiences.

B.F. Skinner

Focuses on behaviorism, distinguishing between respondent and operant behaviors.

Operant Conditioning

Learning process that involves reinforcement or punishment to shape behavior.

Attachment Theory

Bowlby's theory categorizing attachment styles based on early caregiver relationships.

Internal Working Models

Cognitive frameworks formed through early relationships that guide future interactions.

Strange Situation Experiment

Ainsworth's method for measuring infant attachment styles through separation and reunion.

Personality Disorders

Enduring behavior patterns causing dysfunction or distress, categorized into three clusters: A, B, and C.

Acute Trauma

Trauma resulting from a single event.

Chronic Trauma

Trauma from repeated exposure to negative experiences.

Complex Trauma

Exposure to multiple traumatic events over time.

Self-Psychology

Kohut's theory focusing on self-development and the role of self-objects.

Locus of Control

Rotter's concept differentiating between internal and external orientations affecting behavior.

Sensation-Seeking

Zuckerman's concept detailing the pursuit of thrill and novel experiences, associated with both positive and negative behaviors.

Intersectionality

Framework for analyzing how social identities intersect to influence experiences and psychological outcomes.