APWH Ch 28.1 - 28.2

Partition (1947)

The division of British India into India and Pakistan, causing mass migration, violence, and instability

Bangladesh

Independent nation founded in 1972; formerly East Pakistan

Primary Products

Raw or agricultural goods exported by developing countries with unstable prices

Neocolonial Economy

Economic system where former colonies remain dependent on industrialized nations

Structural Adjustments

Economic policies required by lenders (like IMF/World Bank) in exchange for loans

Kwame Nkrumah

Ghana’s first prime minister who promoted development but became authoritarian

Gamal Abdel Nasser

Egyptian leader who came to power after a 1952 coup and promoted nationalism and reform

Muslim Brotherhood

Egyptian Islamic reform movement founded in 1928 focused on social and political change

World Bank

International organization that provides financial assistance and loans to developing countries

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Organization that provides loans and economic guidance with strict conditions

Free Officers Movement

Egyptian military group that overthrew the monarchy in 1952

Religious Revivalism

Movement emphasizing strict traditional religious practices in society

Corazon Aquino

First president of the Philippines after the Marcos regime (1986–1992); led democratic transition

Benazir Bhutto

First female prime minister of Pakistan; served in the 1980s and 1990s

Jawaharlal Nehru

First prime minister of independent India; promoted democracy, reform, and economic development

Anwar Sadat

Egyptian president after Nasser; pursued peace with Israel and economic reforms

Hosni Mubarak

Egyptian president after Sadat; maintained authoritarian rule and political stability for decades