DNA replication and protein synthesis DNA replication and protein synthesis

What are 2 stages of protein synthesis

Translation and transcription

Where does transcription occur

Nucleus

Where does translation occur

Ribosome

What does mRNA do

Carries genetic code from DNA to ribosome

What does tRNA do?

Brings amino acids to ribosome

What does rRNA do

Forms part of the ribosome

What is a codon

Three base sequence on mRNA coding for an amino acid

What’s an anti codon

Three base sequence on tRNA complementary to codon

What the start codon

AUG methionine

Stop codons

UAA, UAG, UGA

What bond forms between amino acids

Peptide bonds

DNA strands

Double stranded

RNA strands

Single stranded

DNA bases

A, T, C, G

RNA bases

A, U, C, G

What’s a mutation

Change in dna sequence

Type of mutations

Substitution, insertion, deletion

What is a substitution mutation

One base replaced by another

What is an insertion mutation

Extra base added

What is deleted mutation

Base removed

Which mutations usually cause a frame shift

Insertion and deletions

Why are mutations usually rare

DNA polymerase proofreads DNA

Function of helicase

Unzips dna

Functions of dna polymerase

Adds complementary nucleotides and proofreads

Functions of ligase

Joins dna fragments

What are Okazaki fragments

Small dna pieces on lagging strand

What are plasmids

Small circular dna in bacteria

Complementary DNA strand to ATCG

TAGC

Complementary RNA strand to TACG

AUGC

DNA → mRNA: TAC GGC AAA

• AUG CCG UUU

mRNA codon AUG codes for?

Methionine