Health Science NOCTI: Medical Terminology, Anatomy, Safety, and Skills
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100 Terms
What does the prefix hyper- mean?
It means excessive or above normal.
What does the prefix hypo- mean?
It means deficient or below normal.
What does the suffix -itis mean?
It refers to inflammation.
What does the suffix -ectomy mean?
It means surgical removal of a specific part.
What does cardi/o refer to?
It refers to the heart.
What does derm/o refer to?
It refers to the skin.
What does neur/o refer to?
It refers to nerves or the nervous system.
What does oste/o refer to?
It refers to bones.
What does hepat/o refer to?
It refers to the liver.
What does pulmon/o refer to?
It refers to the lungs.
What does brady- mean?
It means slow.
What does tachy- mean?
It means fast.
Define hypertension.
It is a condition characterized by consistently elevated blood pressure.
Define hypotension.
It is a condition characterized by abnormally low blood pressure.
What is cyanosis?
It is a bluish discoloration of the skin due to low oxygen levels.
What is edema?
It is the accumulation of excess fluid in body tissues.
What does -logy mean?
It means the study of a particular subject.
What does -pathy mean?
It refers to a disease or disorder.
What does -scopy mean?
It refers to the examination or viewing of a body part using a scope.
What does -stasis mean?
It refers to a state of stability or equilibrium.
What is homeostasis?
It is the maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body.
Define infection.
It is the invasion and multiplication of pathogens in the body.
Define inflammation.
It is the body's response to injury or infection, characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain.
What does benign mean?
It refers to a condition that is not harmful or cancerous.
What does malignant mean?
It refers to a condition that is harmful and cancerous.
What is diagnosis?
It is the identification of a disease or condition based on signs and symptoms.
What is prognosis?
It is the predicted outcome or course of a disease.
What is epidemiology?
It is the study of how diseases affect the health and illness of populations.
What is an acute condition?
It is a condition that comes on suddenly and is typically severe in nature.
What is a chronic condition?
It is a long-lasting condition that can be controlled but not cured.
What is the largest organ in the body?
The skin.
What system controls the body (brain, nerves)?
The nervous system.
What system includes the heart and blood vessels?
The cardiovascular system.
What is the function of the respiratory system?
To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
What organ pumps blood?
The heart.
How many chambers are in the heart?
Four chambers.
What does the skeletal system do?
It provides structure, support, and protection to the body.
What system helps fight infection?
The immune system.
What is the basic unit of life?
The cell.
What is the function of red blood cells?
To transport oxygen throughout the body.
What is the function of white blood cells?
To fight infections and protect the body.
What is the function of platelets?
To assist in blood clotting.
What is the main function of the kidneys?
To filter waste from the blood and produce urine.
What system controls hormones?
The endocrine system.
What does the digestive system do?
It breaks down food and absorbs nutrients.
What is the largest bone in the body?
The femur.
What is the smallest bone in the body?
The stapes in the ear.
What is the function of the lungs?
To facilitate gas exchange, taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.
What is the diaphragm?
A muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and aids in breathing.
What does the liver do?
It processes nutrients, detoxifies harmful substances, and produces bile.
What is the function of the brain?
To control body functions and processes information.
What are arteries?
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
What are veins?
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.
What are capillaries?
Small blood vessels where gas and nutrient exchange occurs.
What is the function of the spinal cord?
To transmit signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
What is a joint?
A connection between two bones that allows for movement.
What is cartilage?
A flexible connective tissue found in joints, the rib cage, and other areas.
What is muscle tissue responsible for?
For movement of the body and maintenance of posture.
What is the endocrine system responsible for?
For producing and regulating hormones in the body.
What does the urinary system do?
It removes waste products from the body and regulates water balance.
What does PPE stand for?
Personal Protective Equipment.
Name 3 examples of PPE.
Gloves, masks, and gowns.
What is hand hygiene?
The practice of cleaning hands to prevent the spread of infections.
When should you wash your hands?
Before and after patient contact, after using the restroom, and before eating.
What is standard precaution?
A set of guidelines to prevent the transmission of infections.
What is sterilization?
The process of eliminating all forms of microbial life.
What is disinfection?
The process of eliminating many or all pathogenic microorganisms on a surface.
What is contamination?
The presence of an unwanted substance or organism in a sterile environment.
What is OSHA?
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, responsible for ensuring safe working conditions.
What is HIPAA?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, which protects patient privacy.
What is a biohazard?
A biological substance that poses a threat to human health.
What color bag is used for biohazard waste?
Red or orange bags are typically used.
What is isolation?
The practice of separating patients to prevent the spread of infection.
What is the purpose of gloves?
To protect healthcare workers and patients from contamination.
What is the purpose of a mask?
To prevent the spread of respiratory droplets.
What should you do if exposed to blood?
Wash the area immediately and report the incident.
What is a needle stick injury?
An injury caused by a needle penetrating the skin.
What is CPR used for?
To restore breathing and circulation in a person who has stopped breathing or whose heart has stopped.
What does AED stand for?
Automated External Defibrillator.
What is the first step in an emergency?
Assess the situation and ensure safety.
What is a vital sign?
A measurement of the body's basic functions, including heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, and respiration.
Name the 4 main vital signs.
Heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and respiratory rate.
What is normal body temperature?
Approximately 98.6°F (37°C).
What is normal pulse rate?
Typically between 60 and 100 beats per minute.
What is normal respiration rate?
Typically between 12 and 20 breaths per minute.
What is blood pressure?
The force of blood against the walls of the arteries.
What does systolic mean?
It refers to the pressure in the arteries during the contraction of the heart.
What does diastolic mean?
It refers to the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats.
What is patient confidentiality?
The ethical principle that a patient's personal health information is private and should not be disclosed.
What is empathy?
The ability to understand and share the feelings of another.
What is professionalism?
The conduct, aims, or qualities that characterize a professional person.
What is a medical record?
A comprehensive document that contains a patient's medical history and treatment information.
What is charting?
The process of documenting patient care and observations.
What is informed consent?
A process by which a patient agrees to a medical procedure after being informed of the risks and benefits.
What is a pulse oximeter used for?
To measure the oxygen saturation level in a person's blood.
What is dehydration?
A condition that occurs when the body loses more fluids than it takes in.
What is nutrition?
The process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth.
What is body mechanics?
The study of the movement of the body and the mechanics involved in physical activity.
Why is communication important in healthcare?
It ensures that information is accurately shared between healthcare providers and patients, improving care quality.
What is teamwork in healthcare?
The collaborative effort of healthcare professionals to provide the best patient care.