ancient history 11

What is the Ishtar Gate?

A structure in Babylon built with bright blue glazed bricks inlaid with animals.

Who was Nebuchadnezzar II?

The king of Babylon from 604-562 BCE who expanded the empire and built the Ishtar Gate.

What are the Hanging Gardens of Babylon?

One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, written about by Strabo and Philo of Byzantium.

What are the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World?

Great Pyramid of Giza, Hanging Gardens of Babylon, Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Colossus of Rhodes, Pharos at Alexandria.

Who was Nabopolassar?

The founder of the Neo-Babylonian Dynasty who ruled from 626-605 BCE.

What significant event occurred in 612 BCE?

The coalition of Babylonians, Medes, and Scythians led to the collapse of the Assyrian empire.

What happened at the Battle of Carchemish?

A battle fought in spring of 605 BCE where Nebuchadnezzar II defeated the Egyptians.

What was the outcome of Nebuchadnezzar II's siege of Jerusalem?

Jerusalem was captured in 586 BCE and destroyed.

Who was Josiah?

The king of Judah who was killed at Megiddo by Necho II.

What did Nabonidus do during his reign?

He spent a decade in the desert and appointed his daughter as a priestess of Sin.

What is the significance of the Cyrus Cylinder?

It is evidence of the Persians taking over Babylon and allowing exiled peoples to return home.

Who was Cyrus II?

The founder of the Persian Empire who ruled from 559-530 BCE and captured Babylon.

What did Darius I achieve during his reign?

He reorganized the Persian Empire into 20 satrapies and minted his own coins.

What was the outcome of the Persian invasion of Greece?

The Persians faced failures at the battles of Marathon and Thermopylae.

What was the significance of the Battle of Salamis?

A naval battle where the Greeks won against the Persians in 480 BCE.

What was the role of Herodotus in relation to Cyrus II?

He wrote about Cyrus' origins and the events of his reign.

What was the Persian dress according to Greek accounts?

Greeks provided examples of Persian attire, including curved composite bows.

What was Persepolis?

One of the capitals of the Persian Empire, known for its grand architecture.

What is the significance of the inscription at Behistun?

It was written by Darius the Great and provided a record of his reign in three languages.

What was the fate of Nabonidus?

He lost the Babylonian empire to the Persians.

What did the temple in Jerusalem represent?

It was a significant religious site that the Babylonians allowed to be rebuilt after their conquest.

What was the significance of the year 539 BCE?

The majority of the exiled Jews returned to Judah after the fall of Babylon.

What did the clay cones left by Nabonidus indicate?

They provided a chronicle of his time and achievements.

What was the role of the satrapies in the Persian Empire?

They were administrative divisions that helped Darius I manage the empire.

What was the outcome of the Persian invasion attempts of Greece?

Both attempts in 492 BCE and 490 BCE ended in failure.

What was the significance of the Battle of Thermopylae?

It was a famous battle where the Spartans fought bravely against the Persian army.