ap bio final

which of the following best describes the hydrolysis of carbohydrates

the addition of a water molecule breaks a covalent band between sugar molecules

which of the following best describes a characteristic of DNA that makes it useful as hereditary material

nucleotide bases in one strand can only be paired with specific bases in the other strand

based on the pedigree in figure 1, which of the following best explains the observed pattern of inheritance

the trait is autosomal recessive, because the cross between individuals I-1 and I-2 produced an affected offspring

9. which of the following most likely explains how the amino acid substitution has resulted in decreased catalytic activity by the mutated enzyme

the substitution altered the secondary and tertiary structure of the enzyme so that the mutated enzyme folds into a different shape than the normal enzyme does

which of the following best describes the relationship between the pitcher plant and wooly bat

the relationship is an example of mutualism because both the plant and bat benefit

which of the following is represented by the gradual increase in the thickness of arrows from the top to the bottom in figure 1

the number of signaling molecules that are produced or activated increases with each step in the pathway

which of the following best explains how some cells of an individual produce and secrete a specific enzyme, but some cells of the same individual do not

the cells transcribe and translate different combinations of genes leading to the production of different sets of protein

figure 1 shows the amount of product produced in an enzyme catalyzed reaction over five minutes. which of the following best explains how the rate of reaction changes over time

the rate decreases because the ratio of product to substrate increases

which of the following best explains the mechanism by which alanine inhibits pyruvate kinase activity

alanine binds to an allosteric site of the enzyme, changing the shape of the enzymes active site

which of the following best explains the relationship between the different bumblebee species living in the same area

the bumblebees have undergone niche partitioning due to competition

based on the data, which of the following best describes the relationship between light and the degradation of mRNA G and mRNA H

a longer exposure to light increases the rate of mRNA G defamation but not of mRNA H to degrade more rapidly

which of the following observations would provide the strongest evidence that two plants belong to different biological species

they occupy unique habitats in an ecosystem

which of the following samples most likely contains a double stranded RNA virus

sample 1

which of the following best explains the mechanism that maintains reproductive isolation between goats and sheep

The two species have a different number of chromosomes, resulting in postzygotic barrier

ethylene gas is an organic molecule that serves many cell signaling roles and flowering plants. Which of the following best provides how positive feedback mechanism involving ethylene works

cells of ripening fruit produce ethylene, which activates the ripening response in other fruit cells

the amino acid figure 1 is found in a region of peptide that folds away from water. Which part of the amino acid most likely contributes to the hydrophobic barrier of this region in the polypeptide

methyl (CH3) group

a research observes that when two heterozygous plants with red flowers cross, the resulting offspring include plants with red, white, or pink flowers. The researcher proposes to null hypothesis that flower color is the result of independent assortment and incomplete dominance. The researcher calculates a chi square value of 7.3. assuming 2 degrees of freedom, which of the following is the correct interpretation of the chi Square analysis, using P value of 0.05?

the null hypothesis should be rejected because the critical value is less than the calculated value

a researcher investigating the effects of a chemical that makes thylakoid membranes permanent to hydrogen ions. Which of the following is the most likely direct effect of adding the chemical to plant cells

the chloroplast will generate less ATP

researchers analyzed the amino sequence of the protein cytochrome c in various groups of organisms and determined the number of amino substitutions that have occurred in the different groups of organisms. They plotted the data with respect to the time since divergence of the members of paired groups from a common ancestor (figure 1). based on the data which of the following organisms are most distantly related

insect and vertebrates

which of the following best explains how continuity of genetic information and cells is insured across generations

replication uses a parental strand of DNA as a template to create a new strand of DNA

which of the following most likely explains how the changing seasons result in changing fur color in an arctic fox

environmental factors cause changes in gene expression, resulting seasonal variations in pigment production

long-term exposure to extended periods of bright light after sunset is most likely to affect a person in which of the following ways

melatonin synthesis will be inhibited and the person who have difficulties sleeping

which of the following best matches the fertilizer component with the molecule in which it will be incorporated by organisms in the area

Nitrogen will be incorporated into nucleic acids

based on the data in figure 1, which of the following most likely represents the change in energy that occurs when ATP hydrolysis is coupled with the phosphorylation of a substrate

line 1 represents ATP hydrolysis in line 4 represents phosphorylation of a substrate

which of the following is the most likely explanation for how mutation in the DNA could result in the loss of the carboxyl terminus of the HBB protein

The mutation changes the codon in the coding region of the HBB transcript to a stop codon such that translation terminates earlier than it should

a karyotype is a representation of all the metaphase chromosomes in a sample of cell from particular individual. which of the following most likely explains how the chromosome circled and figure one could cause a genetic disorder and the person from whom the cells obtained

the extra chromosome will affect the levels of RNA transcribed from certain genes in the amount of protein produced from those genes in each cell

which of the following is the strongest evidence supporting the endosymbiont hypothesis

mitochondria have their own DNA and divide independently of the cell

which of the following best explains the expression of a eukaryotic gene including protein will differ if the gene is expressed in a prokaryotic cell instead of a eukaryotic cell

the protein will be made but not function because prokaryotes cannot remove introns

which of the following is the most likely immediate effect of an increase in runoff containing cadmium on the trophic structure of the river community

there will be a large decrease in the trout population resulting in an increase in damselfly nymphs

assuming that the size of the tusks is heritable which of the following is most likely long-term effect of poachers targeting African elephants with large tusks

a decrease in average tusk size because elephants with large tusks are less likely to survive and reproduce

the scientist adds a chemical to a structure of of dividing cells in order to disrupt DNA replication. The replicated DNA produced by the cells is double-stranded, but sections of it lack covalent bonds between adjacent nucleotides. Which of the following claim is best supported by the data

the chemical inhibits DNA ligase

which of the following that explains why bile salts causes sulfur power to sink

bile salts increase the density of the urine sample