eq toxicology

ragwort - toxic compound

pyrrolizidine alkaloid

ragwort - MOA

alkylate DNA → stop hepatocyte cell division → megalocytosis, liver failure

Ragwort - Diagnosis

Megalocytosis

ragwort - CS

WL, dull, dep, leth, weak, yawning, colic, photosensitisation, inappetence, jaundice, resp noise, laryngeal paralysis, encephalopathy (head pressing), poor coat, death

substance in lantana plant → liver faliure

triterpene acids

sycamore - toxic compund

hypoglycin A

sycamore - MOA

deficient acetyl CoA dehydrogenase → affect mitochondria energy → muscle degeneration

sycamore - disease

Atypical myopathy

sycamore - atypical myopathy CS

progressive muscle degeneration

recumbent

dark urine

weak

muscle fasciculations

Sweating

Tachycardia

inc muscle enzymes (CK, AST)

Myoglobinuria vs haemoglobinuria in centrifuge

M - no separation

H- RBC separation

Atypical myo

Charcoal

oak/ acorns - toxic compound

tannins

oak/ acorns - CS

colic, haemorrhagic D

deadly nightshade- toxic compound

tropane alkaloids

deadly nightshade- CS

neuro+GI + CV signs

mydriasis, muscle spasm, tachycardia, colic, haematuria, dry mm

foxglove - MOA

alter Na + Ca transport → arrhythmias

foxglove - digoxin MOA

inc CO

hemlock - toxic compound

piperidine alkaloid coniine

hemlock - MOA

nAch stimulation → NMJ block

hemlock - CS

paralysis

twitching

seizure

salivation

mydriasis

weak

arrythmia

resp distress

water hemlock - MOA

GABA ant

hypochaeris radicata/ false dandelion - MOA

neurotoxin

bracken fern - MOA

thiaminase → vit B1 deficiency

carcinogenic

bracken fern - CS

anorexia, WL, incoordination, tremor, crouched + arched back + wide stance

tachycardia, arrhythmia

bracken fern - treatment

vit b1

marestail - same as what toxin / plant

bracken fern

sorghum - MOA

prussic acid + Hb → cyanoglobin

sorghum - toxic compound

cyanogenic glycoside

sorghum - chronic CS

ataxia cystitis syndrome

bladder paralysis

HL alopecia

oleander - toxic compund

cardiac glycosides

oleander - CS

colic, lethargy, anorexia → D, colitis, arrythmias, renal disease, seizures

yew - toxic compound

alkaloid taxines

yew - MOA

Ca + Na channel ant → heart failure

rhododendron- toxic compound

grayantoxin

rhododendron- MOA

prevent Na channel inactivation → maintain depolarisation

rhododendron- CS

dizzy, weak, sweat, hypersalivation, colic, arrhythmias

rhododendron- treatment

atropine

giant hogweed - warning

report any to council

wash skin + suncream

st johns wort - MOA

primary photosensitisation

hepatotoxic

buttercup - toxic compiund

ranunculin

buttercup - MOA

mucosal toxiciity → blisters

buttercup - CS

blisters, swelling, hypersalivation, colic, D

alsike clover - MOA

photosensitisation

hepatotoxic

endophytes - def

endosymbionts living with plants

endophytes - ryegrass/ ergot poisoning toxic compound

claviceps purpurea fungus → alkaloids → lilitrem B toxin

endophytes - ryegrass/ ergot poisoning CS

neuro, seizure, colic, uterine cont, fever, limb pain, tremble, poor coordination

endophytes - fescue toxic compound

acremonium coenophialum → ergovaline ergopeptide

endophytes - fescue CS

uterine cont

ergot poisoning - ergot derived drug

pergolide mesylate

eq leukoencephalomalacia - cause

sweetcorn + fusarium moniliforme mycotoxin

eq leukoencephalomalacia - MOA

interfere with CNS lipid biosynthesis → liquefactive white matter necrosis

eq leukoencephalomalacia - CS

tongue paralysis, anorexia, ataxia, circling, hyperexcitability, head pressing, seizures, recumbent, blind

aflatoxicosis - fungi cause

aspergillus

clostridium botulinum - CS

paralysis, tongue weakness, dysphagia, CV failure

clostridium tetani - CS

spastic paralysis, stiff, hyperreflexia, nictitating membrane prolapse, dysphagia

clostridium tetani - treatment

antitoxin

eq grass sickness - CS

colic, weak, dysautonomia

blue green algae - toxic compiund

cyanobacteria

lead - CS

weak, dep, WL, colic, D, paralysis, dyshagia, hepatic failure, blind, serizure, coma

monensin/ salinomycin - drug type

coccidiostat

monensin/ salinomycin - CS

D, sudden death, dilated CMP

metaldehyde- source

slug pellets

selenium - CS

hair thinning, coronet band separation, hoof wall sloughing

avocado CS

colic, arrhythmia, resp distress, neuro