Unit 2 Activities

what is an obligate aerobe

requires oxygen to grow

what is an obligate anaerobe

does not use oxygen, it is poisonous/toxic

what is a facultative anaerobe

uses oxygen when present but does not require it to grow

what is a aerotolerant anaerobe

doesn’t use oxygen but tolerate its

what is a microaerophile

uses low levels of oxygen

what is a acidophile

grows best in low pH

what is a neutralophile

grows best at neutral pH (7)

what is a alkaliphile

grows best at high pH (above 7)

what is halotolerant

tolerates salt but does not require it

what is a halophile

requires salt

what is a nonhalotolerant

little to no salt

what is an extreme halophile

requires very high salt

what is a thermophile

hot temps

what is a hyperthermophile

extreme hot temps

what is a psychrophile

cold temps

what is a mesophile

moderate temps

does glycolysis occur in aerobic respiration

yes

does glycolysis occur in anaerobic respiration

yes

does glycolysis occur in fermentation

yes

does aerobic respiration go through the krebs cycle

yes

does anaerobic respiration go through the krebs cycle

yes

does fermentation go through the krebs cycle

no

what are the electron carriers for aerobic and anaerobic respiration

NADH, FADH2

what is the electron carrier for fermentation

NADH

what is the final electron acceptor for aerobic respiration

oxygen

what is the final electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration

inorganic molecule other than oxygen (nitrate)

how much ATP is is produced from aerobic respiration

36-38

how much ATP is produced from anaerobic respiration

around 30

how much ATP is produced from fermentation

2

where does glycolysis happen in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

cytoplasm

what is the starting substrate of glycolysis

glucose

what is the number of carbon atoms in the starting substrate of glycolysis

6

what is the product of glycolysis

pyruvate

what is the number of product molecules produced from one substrate molecule in glycolysis

2

what is the number of carbon atoms in each product molecule of glycolysis

3

are any carbon atoms lost

yes

what are the electron carrier molecules required for glycolysis

NAD+/NADH

what are the energy currency molecules produced in glycolysis

2 NADH, 4 ATP

where does the krebs cycle happen in eukaryotes

mitochondrial matrix

where does the krebs cycle occur in prokaryotes

cytoplasm

what is the starting substrate of the krebs cycle

acetyl-coA

what is the number of molecules of krebs cycle substrate obtained from one molecule of glucose through glycolysis

2 acetyl coA

what are the main products of the krebs cycle

carbon dioxide, NADH, FADH2

what are the electron carries required in the krebs cycle

NAD+ and FAD

what is the the energy produced by the krebs cycle

2 ATP

where does the electron transport chain happen in eukaryotes

inner mitochondrial membrane

where does electron transport chain happen in prokaryotes

plasma membrane

what are the electron carries of the electron transport chain

NADH and FADH2

what happens to the hydrogen atoms that are delivered to the electron transport chain

split into electrons and H+ ions

what is the significance of the H+ gradient

drives ATP production

where does the H+ gradient occur

across the membrane

what is the name of the enzyme that generates ATP at the end of the electron transport chain

ATP synthase

how much ATP is produced at the end of the ETC

about 32-34

how is energy produced in fermentation

glycolysis

what is the effect of oxygen on organisms that are strictly fermentative

oxygen is toxic and may kill them

what is the sugar of DNA

deoxyribose

what is the sugar of RNA

ribose

what does DNA use that RNA doesnt

thymine

what does RNA use that DNA doesnt

uracil

what is the function of DNA

genetic information

what is the function of RNA

protein synthesis

who is the father of genetics

gregor mendel

who is associated with DNA structure (helix)

watson, crick, franklin

during which cellular process does DNA polymerase perform

DNA replication

during which cellular process does RNA polymerase perform

RNA transcription

during which cellular process does the ribosome perform

translation (protein synthesis)

which enzyme lays down RNA primers on the lagging strand

RNA primase

which enzyme replaces RNA with DNA on the lagging strand

DNA polymerase

which enzyme repairs the nick in between okazaki fragments

ligase

-static

inhibits growth

cide

kills

why is sterilization important

destroys/removes all microbials

handwashing is considered which type of growth control

degerming

can you sterilize biological surfaces

no

why cant you sterilize biological surfaces

causes damage to living tissue

what does cfu stand for

colony forming unit

what scale is the y-axis in for bacterial growth/death curves

logarithmic (log10 cfu/mL)