US History Final

Election of 1940

FDR’s won his 3rd term

he ran because he felt his experience was necessary during a critical time in the US

a great arsenal of democracy

We must be

Lend-Lease Act

the president could provide weapons or supplies to any nation whose defense was vital to the defense of the US

Atlantic Charter

(Aug 1941) FDR and Churchill met to discuss goals for the allies if the US would enter the war

goals were to stop hitler and create a system of world security

Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941)

US navy base in Hawaii that was attacked by Japan

Results; were 2,500 died/ 2,000 injured

US Pacific fleet was destroyed

FDR called it “A date which will live in infamy”

US declared war on Japan and entered WWII and entered on the Allies side

Japanese Internment

US was concerned about a Japanese invasion of the West Coast, so they put Japanese citizens in person camps

130,000 Japanese were imprisoned

Battle of Midway

the US stopped Japan’s advance toward Hawaii and it was the first major turning point when the defeated Japans navy

Tuskegee Airmen

the first African American pilots about 15,000 missions in Europe and North Africa and helped the allies defeat Germany

D-Day (June 6, 1944)

the allied invasion against Germany and Normandy, France

General Dwight Eisenhower- leader of the US and the allies

largest land, sea, and air invasion

ended Nazi rule in France

Battle of the Bulge

allied victory over Germany along the boarders of France and Belgium

Hitler’s last offensive

General George Patton

tank commander and leader of the US

Manhattan Project

$2Billion secret project of building 3 atomic bombs

goal was to force Japan to surrender

Hiroshima

about 70,000 people died

Nagasaki

about 40,000 people died

Japan surrendered

Result of atomic bombs

senator of Missouri, judge, had a clothing business

Harry S. Truman Background

no nonsense, stubborn, independent, decisive, honest

Harry S. Truman Personality

Cold war

a period of tension between the US and the Soviet Union without armed conflict that lasted 40 days

Germany and Berlin were divided between the US, SU, Britain, France

East Germany and East Berllin were in the Soviet zone

Stalin broke promised form the Yalta Conference and the Soviet Unon expanded in eastern Europe

Causes of the cold war

containment

the US policy of trying to stop the spread of communism

Truman Doctrine

the US policy of sending military and economic aid to nation trying to resist outside pressure

manly applied in Turkey and Greece

Marshall Plan

US sent money and supplies to allies in Western Europe to help rebuild from the war and protect from communism

it cost about $13 billion in 4 years

Korean war (1950-1953)

Korea was divided at the 38th parallel

North Korea was communist and supported by the SU

South Korea was republic and supported by the US

June 1950- NK crossed the 38th parallel and invaded SK

US/UN sent troops to contain communism

there was a stalemate; armistice signed

38th parallel was restored

North and South Korea were divided

US achieved goal of containment

Korean war results

Douglas MacAuthur

leader of the US/UN forces

2nd Battle of Seoul- US/ UN defeated North Korea and freed the capital

Checkers Speech

Nixon’s speech about his life and a dog that was given to his family. the people loved the speech and Nixon stayed on the ticket

long military careers and WWII hero

Dwight Eisenhower Background

moderate,patient, optimistic, respected, grandfatherly

Dwight Eisenhower Background

Hidden Hand Presidency

some people felt that Eisenhower was not active enough because he let cabinet make many decisions

Federal Highway Act

created the interstate highway system to improve transportation

Sputnik (October 4,1957)

first space satellite sent by the Soviet Union

results of the sputnik

orbited earth and embarrassed the US

begant the space and caused us to improve NASA\

explorer 1- first US satellite

Brown vs Board of Education

school segregation case in Kansas

Linda Brown- 8 y/o who was denied admission to an all white public school

Thurgood Marshall- represented the Brown family when they took the case to court and argued for Linda’s 14th amendment right

Earl Warren said school children should not be separated by race

Brown Vs Board Results

unanimous decision to end segregation in public schools, reversed plessy v ferguson

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Alabama

Rosa Parks- 42 y/o seamstress who was arrested for refusing to move her seat on the bus; charged with disturbing the peace

500,000 people decided not to ride the buses to protest Rosa’s arrest

lasted 381 days

Non-violence resistance

philosophy of using peaceful methods to bring about change

Martin Luther King Jr.

minister from Georgia who was chosen to lead the boycott

Browder vs Gayle

case that went to the Supreme Court, the outlawed segregation in public transportation

Little Rock Crisis- Arkansas

Central high school- 9 african american students enrolled as part of a program to integrate the school

crowds surrounded the school to protest

Orval Faubus

Eisenhower ordered guard to be removed and the crowds began to threaten the students

Gov. Orval faubus

brought in the national guard to keep order and prevent the 9 students from going to school

101st Airborne

sent to surround the school and the rest of the school so the kids could be safe

Little rock 9

name of the 9 children

Ernest Green- senior and was first the graduate

congressman and senator from Massachusetts and from a wealthy political family

JFK Background

charismatic, energetic, well-spoken, calm, confident

JKF Personality

1960 election

age 43, became the youngest elected president and first Catholic president when he defeated Nixon

nixon was favored for his experience

questions about jfk religion and age

tv debates- first time having them, gave jfk an advantage

24th amendment

abolished the poll tax to increase voting from African Americans

Flexible response

JFk’s policy of being ready to use military based on the size of the problem

Bay of Pigs Invasion

the CIA trained anti castro cubans to fight so that they could overthrow Castro

Results; castro was prepared and the invasion failed. jfk took the blame and gained respect from the people

Cuban Missile Crisis

SU had missiles in Cuba and were detected by the US

JFK ordered a navy blockade to surround Cuba

US and SU were on the brink of war for 13 days

Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles and JFK agreed to remove the blockade

Warren Commission

set up by Lbj and led by Earl Warren to investigate JFK’s assassination

after 10 months they concluded no conspiracy and that Oswald acted alone

Civil Rights Act of 1964

ended segregation in all public places

fought discrimination in the work places

Great Society

LBJ’s plans that focused on eliminating poverty and improving racial equality

Job Corps

helped train unskilled workers by providing educational opportunities

Medicare

low cost healthcare for people over 65

 Medicaid

low-cost healthcare for disabled or those with low income

Head Start

early childhood education programs with those with lower income

Voting Rights Act of 1965

abolished the literacy tests

USS Maddox

ship that crossed the 17th parallel and was stationed in the Gulf of tonkin

it was fired at by North Vietnam and LBJ called it an attack

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

it gave the president all the power to take all necessary steps to prevent aggression in Vietnam

led to the escalation of the war when LBJ added more troops

1964-up to 75,000 troops

1965- up to 180,000 troops

Election of 1968

LBJ made a surprise announcement and chose no to run

Hubert Humphrey

LBj’s vp, moderate stance on the war, and favored by his party

Eugene McCarthy

Minesota senator who was anti-war and favored by the hippies

Robert F Kennedy

New york senator and JFK’s brother, plan for gradual peace in Vietnam

assassination after winning the California primary

George Wallace

alabama governor who wanted to win the war and had support in the south

Richard Nixon

returned to politics after retiring and promised a secret plan in Vietnam

“Bring Us Together”- slogan from Nixon

he narrowly won the election

a congressman and senator from California and VP

Richard Nixon Background

resourceful, intelligent, complex, paranoid, obsessed with his image

Richard Nixon personality

Richard Nixon Problems

had many political enemies

did not get along with the press

Silent Majority

working class American families and non-protestors who Nixon reached out to, to help him reunite the country

Vietnamization

the plan of gradually removing US troops from Vietnam and preparing South Vietnam to take over the fighting

March on Washington

a peaceful protest led by MLK and other civil rights leaders for rights and jobs

250,000 people attended and led to the civil rights act of 1964

Stokely Carmichael

civil rights activist who began the black power movement

Malcolm X

leader of the nation of islam who spoke out for black nationalism and stressed self-defense

Black Panthers

militant civil rights group that opposed racial injustice and war and fought for political power

Thurgood Marshall

first African American female in congress

Tet Offensive

suprise attack by North Vietnam and vietcong on US bases and different cities in the south

results; US and SV fought off the attack caused majot opposition back home in the US because people felt war would not end

Invasion of Cambodia

Nixon ordered an invasion of neutral Cambodia because it was out of hand and national guard was sent, the guard fired into the crowd and 4 students were killed

War Powers Act

passed by congress to limit the presidents power during war, military cannot be in action more than 60 days without approval

Results of Vietnam War

war powers act

26th amendment

Nixon ended the draft

NV defeated SV and US did not achieve its goal

Watergate

Nixon defeated George McGovern by a landslide

Committee to reelect the president- they organized a break in of a democratic headquarters in washington, the watergate building, to bug phones and steal documents

John mitchell

attorney general who approved the plan

nixon did not know about the break in, but ordered a cover up whe he found out

impeachment hearings began

obstruction of justice

abuse of power

contempt of congress

charges against nixon

results of watergate

aug 1974 nixon resigned

26th amendment

lowered the voting age 21 to 18