FMIS103 Atomic structure and Periodic table

What is science?

A way of investigating the world in order to form general rules about why things happen. To Produce Reliable knowledge about the Natural world.

What important Revolution happened between the 16th and 18th century?

The Scientific Revolution

What is the scientific method?

a method of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses.

This branch of Science concerned with the properties of Matter,Energy and their relationship

Physics

What is an Atom?

smallest unit of matter, it is composed of Proton, Neutron and Electrons

What makes up the mass of the atom?

The nucleus

Which Atomic Model was proposed by John Dalton in 1803?

Solid Sphere model

"plum pudding" model of the atom

Model proposed by JJ Thompson in 1904

Gold Foil Experiment (Rutherford, 1911)

Concluded that Between atomic particles there are spaces and therefore, Atoms are mostly space

Who proposed the "Planetary model" and when?

NIELS BOHR IN 1913

What Atom model is the most widely accepted?

The Quantum or electron cloud model

What charge do Electrons have?

negative charge

In the atom, what has positive charge?

The proton

What is an orbit?

A mathematical defined pathway around the nucleus

What is an Orbital

3-D space around nucleus where you can find the electron 90-95% of the time.

What formula is used to determine the number of electrons per shell

2n^2

Anion

A negatively charged ion (# of Electrons is greater than # of protons)

Cation

A positively charged ion (if # of protons > # of electrons)

What is the primary force that holds the nucleus together?

A Strong Nuclear force

What charge does a Positron have?

+1 (positive)

It contains the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons in the nucleus

Isotope

(T/F) Isotopes have the SAME name?

TRUE- for example O17, O18, O19

Isomers

-have the same number of protons and neutrons but different amounts of energy within their nuclei :

Who is the inventor of the periodic table?

Dmitri Mendeleev

There are _________Groups arranged as _________ in the periodic table

18, Columns

There are _____________ Periods arranged as ____________ in the periodic table

7, Rows

Chemical properties of elements are dominated by the location of:

The outermost or Valance electron

What does the period (ROW) number indicate in the periodic table?

The number of orbital shells.

When an atom GIVES UP an electron and attracts another atom is known as?

Ionic Bond

Non-Ionic bonding is?

Two atoms SHARE electrons- creating a figure 8. Also know as COVALENT BOND

What Letter do the electron shells of an atom begin with?

The letter "K"

Electrons are Held in their Orbits by?

The electron biding energy