Endometriosis Lecture Notes

Flashcards covering the definition, pathogenesis, etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of endometriosis based on the lecture by Prof Dr Srey Sopha.

Endometriosis

The abnormal placement of endometrial tissue (which has the same appearance and function as the uterine lining) outside of the uterine cavity.

Adenomyosis

A form of endometriosis where the endometrial tissue is located specifically within the muscle layer/wall (myometrium) of the uterus.

Retrograde menstruation

A pathogenic process where menstrual blood containing endometrial cells flows backward through the fallopian tubes into the pelvic cavity, attaching and growing on various organs.

Embryonic cell growth

A theory that endometriosis develops when embryonic cells lining the abdominal and pelvic cavities transform into endometrial tissue.

Surgical scar implantation

A mechanism where endometrial cells attach to surgical incisions after procedures such as a hysterectomy or C-section.

Endometrial cell transport

The movement of endometrial tissue to distant parts of the body (such as the lungs or pleura) through the blood vessels or the lymphatic system.

Immune system disorder

A condition where the body is unable to recognize and destroy endometrial tissue growing outside the uterus.

Chocolate cyst

A cyst commonly found on the ovary in cases of endometriosis, containing a localized collection of dark, chocolate-colored fluid.

Hydronephrosis

A complication of endometriosis involving the obstruction of the ureters due to inflammatory scarring and fibrosis.

Plan of cleavage

The surgical plane that is often lost in endometriosis due to inflammatory reactions, making surgical procedures extremely difficult.

Dysmenorrhea

Painful menstruation, which is a frequent symptom of endometriosis that often improves once the period ends.

Dyspareunia

Pain during sexual intercourse, often associated with pelvic endometriosis.

Dysuria

Painful urination, listed as a symptom of endometriosis.

Menorrhagia

Abnormally heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding.

Metrorrhagia

Uterine bleeding that occurs at irregular intervals, outside of the normal menstrual cycle.

Sterility

The loss of reproductive capacity, estimated to affect approximately $50\%$ of women with endometriosis.

Hysterosalpingography (HSG)

A paraclinic imaging test used to identify tubal isthmic or disseminated endometriosis, often used in the context of primary sterility.

Danazol (Danatrol)

A medical treatment for endometriosis administered in doses of $400$ to $600\,mg$ per day.

Diclofenac (Voltarene)

An anti-inflammatory medication used for pain management at a dose of $50\,mg$ three times per day.

Acide mefenamique (Ponstan)

A pain relief medication prescribed at $500\,mg$ three times per day for endometriosis symptoms.

Cystectomy

The surgical removal of an endometriotic cyst, which can be performed via laparotomy or laparoscopy.

Anastomose tubo-tubal

A surgical procedure to reconnect or repair the fallopian tubes in cases of tubal obstruction due to endometriosis.

Menopause

A physiological state that causes endometriosis to stop progressing.