Chemical Bonding Lecture Notes

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering the definitions of chemical bonds, electronic configurations, and the properties of specific chemical compounds as discussed in the lecture notes.

Coordinate Bond

A bond formed between two atoms by sharing of a pair of electrons with both electrons provided by the same atom.

Lone pair

Unshared pair of valence electrons which do not take part in covalent bonding.

Water ($H_2O$)

A covalent compound having two lone pairs of electrons and a polar nature.

Ammonia ($NH_3$)

A covalent compound having one lone pair of electrons which acts as a weak base.

Ionic bond

The bond formed by transfer of electrons from a metallic atom to a nonmetallic atom having a large difference in electronegativity.

Covalent bond

The bond formed by mutual sharing of valence electrons between two nonmetallic atoms.

Oxidation

The process involving the loss of an electron.

Reduction

The process involving the gain of an electron.

Carbon Tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)

A nonpolar covalent molecule that is insoluble in water.

Nitrogen ($N_2$) molecule

A molecule characterized by a triple covalent bond.

Element W

An element with an electronic configuration of $2, 8, 1$, which forms an ionic bond with element X.

Element X

An element with an electronic configuration of $2, 8, 7$.

Element Y

An element with an electronic configuration of $2, 5$, which forms the compound $Z_3Y$ when bonded with element Z.

Element Z

An element with an electronic configuration of $1$, which forms a covalent bond with element Y.

Sodium Chloride ($NaCl$)

A crystalline solid used in food to add taste that has a high melting point due to strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions.

Hydronium ion ($H_3O^+$)

A compound formed by a coordinate bond having one lone pair of electrons.

Dielectric constant

A property of water that is high, which weakens the strong electrostatic forces between ions, making ionic compounds soluble.

Van der Waals forces

The type of intermolecular forces existing in a covalent compound consisting of molecules with low melting and boiling points.