Comprehensive Flashcard Set on Water, Solutions, Acids, Bases, and pH for Chemistry

In a H2O molecule the oxygen is

partially negative

In a polar H2O molecule the Hydrogen is

partially positive

Water can form_______ _________ between molecules.

hydrogen bonds

Water molecules stick to each other

cohesion

Water molecules stick to other polar molecules

adhesion

H2O molecules on the surface form a skin because of

surface tension

It takes a lot of heat to raise the temperature of water because of

high specific heat

Water dissolves most things

universal solvent

Substance that can do the work of dissolving something else

solvent

Substance that can be dissolved

solute

Does not interact with water

hydrophobic

Interacts with water

hydrophilic

Ice floats on liquid water because

low solid density

Tastes sour, corrodes metals, react with bases

acids

releases H+ ions in water

acids

taste bitter, chalky, feel soapy, slippery, react with acids

bases

releases OH- ions

bases

based off of H+ concentration

pH scale

goes from 0-14, 7 is neutral

pH scale

10 pH is how many times as basic as a pH of 7

1000

A base combined with an acid creates

H2O + a salt

solute

the substance that is being dissolved in a solution; generally, the substance with the lesser amount present in solution

solvent

the substance that dissolves the solute; generally, the substance with the greater amount present in solution

dissociation

the dissolving process that results in ionic compounds physically separating into component ions

ionization

the chemical dissolving process in which neutral substances become charged ions

solubility

the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a certain amount of solvent at a particular temperature

saturated solution

a solution in which no more solute can dissolve at a particular volume and temperature

unsaturated solution

a solution in which more solute can still dissolve at that volume and temperature

supersaturated solution

a solution in which more solute has dissolved than normally expected at that volume and temperature; usually achieved by careful heating and cooling

concentration

the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent; can be reported molarity (M)

molarity (M)

concentration reported as the number of moles of solute per liters of solution

Acid

Has a pH less than 7

Base

Has a pH greater than 7

Salt

Formed when acids & bases react

pH scale

Measures how acidic or basic a substance is (Potential or power of Hydrogen ion)

Solution

Mixture Of Things In Two Different Phases.

A substance that produces H+ ions is a solutions is called a(n)

Arrhenius acid

Describe three properties of a solution that has a pH of 2.

sour, corrosive, ions completely dissociate, form hydronium ions, turns litmus paper red), proton donor, strong acid

Explain what an indicator, such as litmus paper, helps determine.

determines if it is an acid or base

A substance that produces hydroxide (OH-) ions in a solution is a(n)

Arrhenius base

When mixing a saltwater solution the water is the _________ and the salt is the __________.

solvent, solute

Explain what it means to have a concentrated solution.

a concentrated solution has a large amount of solute in the solvent

Phenolphthalein, litmus paper, and pH paper are all examples of ___________.

indicators

______ is the chemical reaction between an acid and a base which results in the formation of salt and water.

neutralization

What is the difference between saturated and an unsaturated solution?

saturated-contains all the solute it can hold at a given temperature while a unsaturated solution is able to dissolve more solute

Describe two ways to speed up the rate of dissolving sugar in water.

stirring, increase surface area, increasing the temperature

Bananas have a pH of 5.2. Explain what this means.

it is a weak acid

A supersaturated solution is ____________ compared to a saturated solution. (more stable, equally stable, dilute, unstable)

unstable

Water has a pH of

7-neutral

Lemons and pickles taste sour, this property indicates that the are _____________.

acids

Explain how a weak base is different from a strong base.

strong bases dissociate completely while a weak base does not, strong bases can be corrosive, strong bases can conduct more electricity than weak ones, stronger bases have higher pH reading

List three properties of bases?

slippery, bitter taste, strong bases are corrosive, many are crystalline solids in undissolved state, form hydroxide ions, proton acceptors, has a pH of above 7

Ammonia has a pH of 11.5--what does this mean?

strong base

What does the value of 7 on the pH scale indicate?

neutral

Soap is an example of a(n) __________. (acid, base, salt, ion)

base

Water is a ______ molecule.

polar

List three possible ways that phases of matter could combine to form a solution.

liquid/liquid, solid/liquid, gas/liquid, gas/gas, solid/solid

The ________ of the surface area of a solid, the faster it will dissolve.

larger

Surface area of a solid can be increased by

crushing it

Determine the type of solution you have if at 45 degrees, you add more solute and it dissolves.

unsaturated

In a polar covalent bond, what particle is shared unequally between the atoms?

electrons

Surface tension is a result of the __________ of water molecules

cohesion

Polarity of solutes and solvents determine

ability to form a solution

Like polarity in the solvent and solute forms a

solution.

Unlike polarity in the solvent and solute causes

immiscibility.

Bronsted-Lowry acid

proton donor (H+ donor)

Bronsted-Lowry base

proton acceptor (accepts H+)

On a graph of solubility for solutions the lines curve up for

solids, which are more soluble at higher temperatures.

On a graph of solubility for solutions the lines curve down for

gases, which are less soluble at higher temperatures.