exam 4!!

Sn1

A type of nucleophilic substitution reaction where the rate-determining step involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate, typically proceeding in two steps.

Sn1 reagents

weak nucleophiles and protic polar solvents

Sn1 makes

a substitution of good leaving groups

leaving groups

atoms or groups that can depart from the parent molecule during a chemical reaction, facilitating the formation of products. weak bases (stable anions) (come from strong acids). same period: higher EN better, group= bigger atom=better

good nucleophile

strong nucleophiles that are typically highly reactive and can effectively donate electron pairs. better with less EN. the more basic, the better.

polar aprotic solvent

Sn2

Sn2 stereochemistry

inversed

Sn2 works with what carbons

methyl, primary, and secondary. not tertiary (too crowded)

Sn1 works with what carbons

tertiary, secondary (not primary)

E1

happens with Sn1 and makes a alkene via elimination, often with a carbocation intermediate. to only make this, add heat. it extracts a beta hydrogen

E1

extracts a beta hydrogen that is anti. uses good (or bad) nucleophile AND strong base. use bulky base to create hoffman (also makes alkenes)

NBS

is a reagent used in organic chemistry for bromination of alkenes through an allylic bromination mechanism. It is often used with a radical initiator to stabilize radicals.