Chapter 16: Cardiovascular System

Infaction

Death of Tissue. Permenant

Ischemia

Hypoperfusion. Reversible

Uncontrollable AMI risk factors

Age, gender, genetics

Signs and symptoms of Heart Attack

Nausea, Sweating, Dyspena, Dizzy

Angina almost always come in from

Exertion

Angina pain goes away within

30 minutes

AMI pain will do what

Never go away

Consequences of AMI

Sudden death, cardiogenic shock, congestive heart failure

Dysrhythmia

Heart Rhythm abnormalities

Premature Ventricular Contractions

Ventricules are contracting before they fill with blood

Tachycardia

Heart is beating too fast

Bradycardia

Heart is beating too slow (heart rate below 60)

Ventricular Tachycardia

Just ventricles are going to fast

Defibrillation

Restores Cardiac Rhythms

Asystole

Absence of all heart electrical activity

Cardiogenic Shock

Heart doesnt have enough power to pump enough blood. Not enough power is getting to the tissues of the heart

Hypertensive Emergencies

Systolic pressure greater than 180 mm HG

Signs of Hypertensive Emergency

Sudden Serve Headache, altered mental status, pulmonary edema.

Aortic Aneurysem

Weakness in wall of aorta

Aortic Aneurysm is caused by

Uncontrolled hypertension

Dose for Aspirin

324 (4 baby aspririn)

Aspirin does what to the blood

Thins the blood

Nitroglycerin dose

.4 mg every 5 min, up to 3 doses

Nitroglycerin does what

Dilates the artieries

Nitroglycerin Side Effects

Drops blood pressure, headache

Nitroglycerin Contraindications

Systolic BP below 100, recent head injury, recently taking erectile dysfunction medication (24 hours),

How to adminster nitro

6 rights, wear gloves

Pacemakers just send a signal to make sure

Heart has regular rhythm to pump

If pacemaker malfunctions,

Causes heart to slow down

Pacemake malfunction symptoms

Syncope, dizzy, weak

External Defibillator Vest

Built-in monitoring electrodes, vest should stay on while you do CPR

Left Ventricular Assist Device

Machine that pumps blood to body, often continuous, you may not feel a pulse

Cardiac Arrest

Complete cessation of cardiac activity, absence of carotid pulse

When they wake up from CPR?

Continue BVM, O2 sat above 94, blood pressure above 90 mmHG, maintain glucose levels,

Acute Coronary Syndrome

Group of symptoms surrounding chest pain

Acute Myocardial Infarction is a

Heart Attack

Angina Pectoris

Chest Pain

Anterior

Front surface of body

Aortic Aneurysm

Weaking in the wall of aorta

Artifact

Reading a ECG that is a result of interference

Atherosclerosis

Build up of cholesterol and calcium in walls of artieres

Atrium

Upper chamber of heart

Automaticity

Cells of heart muscles without a signal from SA node (backup system)

Cardiac Output

Amount of blood pumped by heart in one minute

Cardiogenic Shock

Heart is not pumping enough blood to keep up with demands of body

Cornory Artieries

Blood vessels that come off aorta to feed heart itself with oxygen

Dependent Edema

Fluild buildup in hands and feet (right side heart failure)

Dissecting Aneurysm

Inner layers of artery become seperated allowing blood to flow between layers

Inferior

Closer to feet

Lumen

Inside diameter of tubular structure (artery)

Myocardium

Heart Muscle

Posterior

Back surface of body

ROSC

Return of sponteaous circulation

Stroke Volume

Amount of blood pumped in one beat

Superior

Closer to head

Thromboembolism

Blood clot that is moving around the body

Ventricle

Lower chamber of heart (pump)