Rise Of Nationalism In Europe

Who painted the prints of a world made of democratic and social republics?

Frédéric Sorrieu

What are the key components of the main painting/print?

Key components are:

* Female personification of liberty

* Symbols of absolutist nations on the ground

* Christs, saints and angels gaze upon the scene

What are the features of the female personification of liberty as shown in the print?

* She holds the torch of enlightenment on her left hand

* She has the charters if rights of man in her right hand

Definition of absolutist

A government that has no restraints on the power exercised

Definition of utopian

A vision of society so ideal that it's unlikely to exist

Whats a key detail about Germany at the time of the painting?

At the time of the painting, Germany was not yet a nation, the German flag shown in the painting is a expression of liberal hopes in 1848 to unify Germany under a democratic constitution.

Definition of modern state

A centralized power exercised sovereign control over a clearly defined territory

Definition of a nation state

One in which majority of its citizens came to develop a sense of common identity

Definition of Plebiscite

A direct vote by which all the people of a region are asked to reject or accept a proposal

When was the French Revolution?

1789

Definition of La Patrie

Fatherland

Definition of Le Citoyen

The citizen

What was one way other people in Europe influenced by the French Revolution?

Educated, Middle class people set up Jacobin clubs

What did the Civil Code of 1804 do?

* Removed all privileges based on birth

* Established equality before the law

* Secured the right to property

What is the other name used to refer to the Civil Code of 1804?

Napoleonic Code

What were beneficial actions by Napoleon that helped the people in conquered regions? (Dutch, Suiss, Germany, Italy)

* Feudal system was abolished

* Administrative divisions were simplified

* Peasants were freed from serfdom and manorial dues

* Guild restrictions were removed

What were the two different kingdoms that Germany, Italy and Switzerland were a part of?

Duchies and Cantons

Which empire ruled over Austria-Hungary?

Habsburg Empire

What happened during 1797?

Napoleon invades Italy and Napoleonic wars begin

What happened from 1814 to 1815?

Fall of Napoleon; the Vienna peace settlement

What happened during 1821?

Greek struggle for independence begins

What happened from 1859 to 1870?

Unification of Italy

What happened from 1866 to 1871?

Unification of Germany

What happened in 1905?

Slav nationalism gathers force in the Habsburg and Ottoman Empires

Definition of Aristocracy

form of government in which power is in the hands of a small, privileged, ruling class

Features of the Aristocracy?

* They spoke French for purposes of diplomacy

* Their families were often connected by ties of marriage

From what word is the term 'Liberalism' derived from?

It is derived from the latin word 'liber'

What is the definition of the term 'liber' (Latin)

To be free

What did liberalism stand for?

* End of Autocracy and clerical privileges

* A constitution and a representative government through the parliament

Definition of Suffrage

The right to vote

Who were the only ones that were allowed to vote in France before UAF (Universal Adult Franchise) was established?

Only property owning men were allowed to vote

What did liberalism stand for in the economic sphere?

* Freedom of markets

* Abolition of state imposed restrictions on movement of goods and capital

What was the unit used to measure the length of cloth?

'elle'

How did 'elle' vary from region to region?

The value of a unit of 'elle' was different based on the regions

What was formed in 1834?

A customs union by the name of Zollverein

Who formed Zollverein?

Prussia and most of the German states

What did the Zollverein do?

* Abolished tariff barriers

* Reduced the number of currencies from thirty to two

Definition of conservatism

A political philosophy that stressed the importance of tradition, established institutions and customs, and preferred gradual development to quick change

When was Napoleon defeated?

1815

Who were involved in the creation of the Treaty of Vienna?

* Britain

* Russia

* Prussia

* Austria

Who hosted the congress for drawing up the Treaty of Vienna?

Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich

What was the intention of the Treaty of Vienna?

To undo most of the changes that had come about in Europe during Napoleonic wars

Where and when was Giuseppe Mazzini born?

In Genoa during 1805

Giuseppe Mazzini was a member of what secret society before he founded his own two societies?

Carbonari

Why was Giuseppe Mazzini sent into exile? When?

For attempting a revolution in Liguria, he was sent into exile in 1831

What are the two secret underground societies Giuseppe Mazzini founded?

• Young Italy in Marseilles

• Young Europe in Berne

What did the Austrian chancellor Duke Metternich describe Giuseppe Mazzini as?

The most dangerous enemy of our social order

When did the first upheaval within France occur?

In July 1830

What was Duke Metternich’s quote regarding events that occur in France?

“When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold”

What did the July revolution lead to within Belgium?

It lead to Belgium breaking away from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands

When did the Greek war of independence begin?

1821

What treaty recognized Greece as an independent nation?

Treaty of Constantinople in 1232

What did Romanticism aim to do?

Develop a particular form of nationalist sentiment

Term for common people in German

Das Volk

How were the national feelings for Poland kept alive?

Through music and language

When did Louis Philippe flee?

In 1848

When did the weavers in Silesia lead a revolt against contractors?

On 4th June at 2 pm in 1845

Where did the voting for an all German National Assembly take place at?

Frankfurt

When was the constitution for Germany drafted?

On 18th May 1848

Where was the German constitution drafted?

In the Church of St Paul within Frankfurt

Who is the chief minister of Prussia?

Otto Van Bismarck

Who was declared as German Emperor on 18th January 1871?

King Kaiser William 1st

Who was proclaimed the King of Italy in 1861?

Victor Emmanuel 2

What did the act of union do?

United England and Scotland resulting in the formation of the United Kingdom Of Great Britain

Which female allegory represented France?

Christened Marianne

Which female allegory represented Germany?

Germania