Gas Laws Test

Viscosity

A measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow.

Surface tension

The energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by a given amount.

Crystalline solid

A solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in an orderly, geometric, three-dimensional structure.

Atomic solid

Solids in which atoms of only 1 element are covalently bonded to each other; Example: diamond, C-C bonds.

Ionic solid

Solids that are held together by oppositely charged ions; Example: NaCl.

Molecular solid

Solids that are held together by molecules; Example: H2O.

Amorphous solid

A solid in which the particles are not arranged in a regular, repeating pattern.

Melting point of a crystalline solid

The temperature at which the forces holding its crystal lattice together are broken, causing it to become a liquid.

Vapor Pressure

The pressure exerted by a vapor over a liquid.

Boiling Point

The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the external or atmospheric pressure.

Freezing point

The temperature at which a liquid is converted into a crystalline solid.

Triple point

The point on a phase diagram representing the temperature and pressure at which the three phases of a substance can coexist.

Critical point

The critical pressure and critical temperature above which a substance cannot exist as a liquid.

Adhesive forces

Force of attraction between molecules that are different.

Cohesive forces

Force of attraction between identical molecules.

Diffusion

The movement of one material through another from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Effusion

Gas escaping through a tiny opening.