Gas Laws Test

Viscosity – A measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow.

Surface tension – The energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by a given amount.

Crystalline solid – A solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in an orderly, geometric, three-dimensional structure.

Atomic solid – Solids in which atoms of only 1 element are covalently bonded to each other. Example: diamond, C-C bonds

Ionic solid – Solids that are held together by oppositely charged ions. Example: NaCl.

Molecular solid – Solids  that are held together by molecules. Example: H₂O

Amorphous solid – A solid in which the particles are not arranged in a regular, repeating pattern.

Melting point of a crystalline solid is the temperature at which the forces holding its crystal lattice together are broken and it becomes a liquid.

Vapor Pressure – The pressure exerted by a vapor over a liquid.

Boiling Point – the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the external or atmospheric pressure.

Freezing point – The temperature at which a liquid is converted into a crystalline solid.

Triple point – the point on a phase diagram representing the temperature and pressure at which the three phases of a substance can coexist.

Critical point – the critical pressure and critical temperature above which a substance can not exist as a liquid.

Adhesive forces – Force of attraction between molecules that are different.

Cohesive forces – Force of attraction between identical molecules.

Diffusion – The movement of one material through another from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Effusion – gas escaping through a tiny opening.