PSCI 2306 REVIEW

Pete Seeger

A folk musician and social activist known for singing civil rights anthems like 'We Shall Overcome.'

Equal Protection Clause

Part of the Fourteenth Amendment ensuring no state shall deny any person equal protection of the laws.

Jim Crow laws

State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.

Plessy v. Ferguson

A landmark case that established the 'separate but equal' doctrine legitimizing racial segregation.

NAACP Legal Defense Fund

An organization supporting legal challenges to racial discrimination and promoting civil rights.

Thurgood Marshall

Civil rights lawyer, chief counsel for the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, and the first African American Supreme Court Justice.

Sweatt v. Painter

The Supreme Court ruled that Texas's separate law school for Black students was inferior, requiring Sweatt to be admitted to a white law school.

Brown v. Board of Education

Supreme Court case ruling that 'separate educational facilities are inherently unequal,' violating the Equal Protection Clause.

Ruby Bridges

The first Black child to integrate an all-white elementary school in the South, escorted by U.S. Marshals for safety.

Jimmie Lee Jackson

Civil rights activist killed by police, his death sparked greater support for voting rights.

Rosa Parks

Civil rights activist known for refusing to give up her bus seat, leading to the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Prominent civil rights leader advocating for nonviolent protest against racial segregation.

White primaries

Primary elections in Southern states allowing only white voters to participate, disenfranchising Black voters.

Poll tax

A fee required to register to vote, disenfranchising many poor and minority voters, effective until 1964.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Legislation aimed at eliminating barriers to voting for Black Americans, suspending literacy tests.

Bloody Sunday

The brutal attack on civil rights marchers in Alabama on March 7, 1965, drawing national attention.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Legislation making it illegal to discriminate in public accommodations based on race, color, religion, or national origin.

Education Act Amendments of 1972 (Title IX)

Legislation preventing gender discrimination in educational programs and activities.

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Law requiring reasonable accommodations for employees with disabilities, enacted in 1990.

Obergefell v. Hodges

Supreme Court ruling in 2015 that extended the right to marry to same-sex couples.

DACA

Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, a program protecting individuals who came to the U.S. as minors.

LULAC

League of United Latin American Citizens, a political organization advocating for Latino rights.

MALDEF

Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund, supporting Latino rights and interests.

Feminization of poverty

The increasing proportion of women, especially single mothers, living in poverty compared to men.

Filibuster

A tactic used in the Senate to stall a bill, requiring cloture to end.

Eleanor Roosevelt

Prominent political figure who advocated for women's rights and social justice.

Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States

Supreme Court case upholding the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and its application to private businesses.

Reed v. Reed

Supreme Court case in 1971 that applied the Equal Protection Clause to women.

Second Women’s Rights Movement

A movement in the 1960s focused on advancing women's rights and addressing inequalities.