IS 300 Final

What is the Monte Carlo Simulation

A computational technique that simulates thousands of inputs randomly trying to make sense of the distribution. Example: Curry’s career three-point shot attempts and understanding where he makes it best.

What is the RANDBETWEEN function inputs?

RANDBETWEEN(Bottom, Top)

What is the RAND function inputs?

RAND(): # between 0 and 1

How do you write out a random day in a year?

RANDOMBETWEEN(0,51)*7+Date(2025,1,2) - The date is simply the anchor date, so the random date thats outputted will be sometime after that

How do you create a pivot table?

Select columns/rows, insert, create pivot table, and drag desired columns/rows

How do you fill a continuos series?

Fill, Series, Column/Row, Range

What are the inputs for an IF() function

IF(logical test, if true, if false)

What is TS-Array

Highlight desired cells, continue typing then hit shift+ctrl to fill

What are the two decision models?

Descriptive Mode: Provides information for evaluation (example: ERP system giving you raw data outputs)

Prescriptive: Provides an optimal solution based on information (literally “prescribing you something”. AI analytics within ERP system providing optimal weekly schedule for workers based on availability

What are in the inputs in the VLOOKUP() function

VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_num, [range_lookup])

How many bits in a byte

8

How many bytes in a KB

1,000

How many KB in a MB

1,000

What are the two metrics after MB

Gigabyte and Terabyte

How do you convert binary to decimals?

Start from the right, and count up multiples of 2. Multiply by the binary digit, and add them all together. Ex. 10000000 = 128

How do you convert decimal to binary

If the number is even, place a 0 starting from the right. Divide by 2, if the number is odd place a 1. Then divide by 2 again, and round down and follow this process.

What is the evolution of IT infastructure?

1. Mainframe and mini computers (1950s)

2. Personal Computers (1981-Present)

3. Client and Service Computing (1983-Present)

4. Enterprise Internet Computing (1992 - Present)

5. Cloud Computing (2000-Present)

MPCEC, think of an acronym, plus watch the lecture for more in-depth explanation, and add here.

What is Moore’s law?

The number of transistors per chip will double ever 2 years while the price per chip will cut in half.

IaaS, SaaS, PaaS, DaaS, HaaS, GaaS

1. Infrastructure as a Service

2. Software as a Service

3. Platform as a Service

4. Desktop as a Service

5. HaaS?

6. GaaS?

Add more in-depth explanation

What is SETI?

Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence. Application?

How does blockchain work?

Say a bitcoin is sent to another user. It is then broadcasted to millions of computers around the world, all of which are actively trying to guess the right code. Once a computer gets it, the transaction is locked in, and it is added to the blockchain permanently. The computer guessing the code right gets a fee from the transaction.

What is a bitcoin?

A medium for transaction that is decentralized (no central authority controlling it). The blockchain is simply a ledger for these transactions

What is an NFT?

A non-fungible token which is an original piece of document/art. Also a decentralized medium of transaction similar to bitcoin.

How does the internet work from an infrastructure point of view.

There are multiple super nodes around the world, these are essentially hubs, that are connected together via fiber optics.

How do you measure how fast a medium transits data?

KBPS, MBPS, etc (per second)

How long does it take to transmit 5MB at 50 Mbps

5MB = 5,000,000 bytes * 8 bits/byte = 40,000,000 bits of data

50 Mbps = 50,000,000 bits per second

40,000,000 bits of data/ 50,000,000 bits per second = 0.8 seconds

What is an IP address (iPv4)

#.#.#.#. 4 numbers, each one containing a byte. Each range from 0-255 (11111111 = 255).

What are IP addresses converted to and how?

IP addresses are converted to domains (ex. EDU) via Domain Name Systems (DNS). Many companies have their own DNS servers. Within the servers are two columns, one that contains the IP address, and the other that links the IP address to a domain.

What is iPv6

#:#:#:#:#:#:#:#. 8 numbers separated by columns (not dots). Each # can contain up to 65,535 unique values as each # contains 16 bits (or two bytes). Created due to an uneven distribution of the 4.3B unique IPv4 addresses to countries (plus more addresses needed due to population). IPv6 can produce up to 2^128 unique addresses.

What is packet switching

Messages being broken into smaller bits of data then sent through multiple different networks. Ex. 64KB of data broken into multiple 1KB data and sent. More effective and more secure than sending data in it’s full value.

What is circuit switching?

Networking method that established tow permanent endpoints. Ex. Callers being directly transferred. Ineffective due to an uninterrupted physical path always being required, and not enough endpoints.

What is TCP/IP?

A type of communication protocol for networks. Transmission Control Protocol is used to set up the connection and handle the data (break it apart and reassemble). Internet Protocol (IP) is used for stamping each packet with it’s context/origination, and handles the best path to send the data.

What are electromagnetic waves?

These are waves that move at the speed of light. We utilize it to transfer data via satellites.

What are the different modulations?

Amplitude Modulation: Adjusting the amplitude for higher noises to match 1s and 0s

Frequency Modulation: Adjusting the frequency for higher noises to match 1s and 0s

What is attenuation?

Signals getting weaker as it travels farther and farther.

What are the different cellular generations?

1G: Analog Voice (Carrying as a signal, think radio frequency). Poor quality + not reliable (1980s)

2G: Digital Voice, Texting, basic images, and SMS. (1990s)

3G: Mobile internet. Data speeds rose, real browsing, email, and early smartphones (2000s)

4G: Fast Broadband (more research here), all-IP (whole network), HD streaming, super fast (2010s)

5G: High speed, very low latency (main headline was latency improvements).

What is the MIN() function

MIN(#,#) returns the minimum of each, can also my a logical test in either

What is the MAX() function

MAX(#,#) returns the maximum of each, can also my a logical test in either

What does the =Proper() function do

Essentially properly formats your text

What does the =TRIM() function do

Removes leading and trailing spaces of a text field

What does the =Right() function do?

Gets the right side of a cell to a different cell (Same with left and right, and I assume you can guess what upper and lower does)

What does the =Find() function do?

=FIND(find_text, within_text, [start_num]). Character you’re looking for, what cell you’re looking in, which character position to start searching from

What does the PRODUCT() function do?

Multiplies all selected cells in the argument

What arguments are in the FV() function.

FV(rate, nper, pmt). Rate is the interest rate, nper is the number of periods, payments per period

How do you make a one-way data table

Select the two columns you’d like, (make sure your formula cell is referenced above the right column). Go to data, data table, have your column input be your left column (what you’re adjusting the FV with), and the row in put the reference cell. Same steps apply for a one-way row data table, just make sure your refrence cell is in the cell to the left of the adjustable row.

What is Goal Seek

You tell it the desired output and it gives you the single input that produces it. How to do it:

Data -→ What if Analysis —> Goal Seek

• Set cell — the cell with the formula/output you want to control. Must contain a formula.

• To value — the target number you want it to equal.

• By changing cell — the one input Excel is allowed to adjust to hit the target.

What is Scenario Summary?

Data → What-If Analysis → Scenario Manager.

Click Add. Give the scenario a name ("Higher Interest Rate"), and select the Changing cells — the inputs that will vary (here B7, B11, B12, B13, B4). You pick these once; they're shared across scenarios.

Type the input values for that scenario, click OK.

Repeat Add for each scenario.

Back in the Scenario Manager, click Summary, choose Scenario summary, and pick your Result cells (E15). Excel generates this exact report on a new tab.

^Claude, practice in excel though