ARTS

Prehistoric Art (40,000-4,000 B.C.)

• Rock carvings, pictorial imagery, sculptures, & stones arrangements

• Leading Contributors: Existed before the advent of a written language.

• Influential Works: Lascaux cave painting, Paleolithic era

Ancient Art (4,000 B.C. – A.D. 400)

• Religious & Symbolic imagery, decorations for utilitarian objects, mythological stories.

• Civilizations from Mesopotomia, Egypt, Greece & Americas

• Infl. Works: Code of Hammurabi, 1972 B.C.

Medieval Art (500-1400)

• Dark imagery, biblical subjects, Classical mythology, Gothic Architecture.

•  Abbot suger, Cimabue, Giotto

• Infl. Works: Cimabue, Crucifix 1288, Giotto, Lamentation of Christ 1305

• Notre Dame: Cathedral Paris 1163-1345

Renaissance Art (1400-1600)

• Natural elements, Individualism, Realism, Attention to detail, Precision of Human Anatomy

• Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael

•  Infl. Works: Leonardo da V., Mona Lisa, 1503 Michelangelo, David, 1504 Raphael, The school of Athens 1511

Mannerism (1527-1580)

• Stylized features, Exaggerated details, Decorative elements

• Bronzino, Francesco Salviati, Giorgio Vasari

• Infl. W: Bronzino, Venus, Cupid, Folly & Time, 

• 154Giorgio Vasari, Allegory of the Immaculate Conception 1541

Baroque (1600-1750)

• Ornate, Grandeur, Richness, Stylistically complex, Dramatic

• Caravaggio, Johannes Vermeer, Rembrandt van rijn

• Caravaggio, The calling of St. Matthew 1600 Rembrandt, The night watch,

• 1642 Johannes Vermeer, Girl with a pearl earring 1665

Rococo (1969-1780)

• Lightness, Elegance, Natural Forms, Asymmetrical design, Subtle colors

• Antoine Watteau, François Boucher

• Infl. Works: Antoine Watteau, Embarkation for Cythera, 1718

• Francis Boucher, Venus Consoling Love 1751

Neoclassicism (1750-1850)

• Renewed Interest in classical antiquity, Harmony, Simplicity, & Proportion

• Antonio Canova, Jacques-Louis

• Infl. Works: Jacques-Louis David, Napoleon Crossing the Alps 1801,

• Antonio Canova, The Three Graces 1816

Romanticism (1780-1850)

• Imaginative Elements, Focus on passion, Emotion, & Observing the senses

• Francisco GoyaHenry FuseliWilliam Blake

• Infl. Works: Henry Fuseli - The Nightmare 1781, 

• William Blake, The Ghost of a Flea 1820, 

• Francisco Goya, Saturn Devouring

Realism (1848-1900)

• Detailed depictions of everyday life

• Gustave Courbet, Jean-Francois Millet

• Infl. Works: Jean Francois Millet - The Gleaners 1857, 

• Gustave Courbet - Woman with a Parrot 1866

Art Nouveau (1890-1910)

• Long, Sinuous lines and curves

• Alphonse Mucha, Antoni Gaudi, Gustav Klimt

• Infl. Works: Antoni Gaudi, Gustav Klimt, Church of Sagrada Familia 1882, The Kiss 1908, 

• Alphonse Mucha - Princess Hyacinth 1911

Impressionism (1865-1885)

• Short, quick brushstrokes, separation of color, sketch like finish, modern subject matter

• Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir

• Infl. Works: Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Dance in the city 1872, 

Post-Impressionism (1885-1910)

• Subjective visions, Symbolism, Abstraction

• Georges Seurat, Vincent Van Gogh

• Georges Seurat - A sunday afternoon on the island of LA, Grande Jatte 1886, 

• Vincent Van Gogh - The starry night 1889

Fauvism (1900-1935):

Bold, vivid colors and simplified forms

• Expressionism (1905-1920)

: Emotional, often distorted depictions of reality.

Abstract Expressionism (1940-1950):

Emphasis on spontaneous, gestural abstraction.

Art

: An unstructured, open-ended form of work that expresses emotions, feelings, and vision. It often serves aesthetic purposes and is valued for its artistic merit.

Crafts

: Involves the creation of physical objects using hands and learned skills. Crafts are typically more structured, serving practical or decorative purposes.

Art is Universal

• Regardless of origin, time, and place are liked and enjoyed by people continuously.

Art is Not Nature

• Made by Humans/Man, whereas nature is a given around us.

• Ex: Humans take nature as an inspiration to make art.

Art Involves Experience

• john Dewey explains that art is a dynamic human experience that involves both the artist and the audience

Physical Functions 

• Often the easiest to understand. Works of art that are created to perform some service have physical functions.

Social Functions

• Has social functions when it addresses aspects of life as opposed to one person’s point of view or experience.

Personal Functions

• Vague for a reason. From artist to artist and viewer to viewer, one’s experience with art is different.

Art as Mimesis

• Greek means “IMITATION”

• Plato & Aristotle spoke of mimesis as the re-presentation of nature.

Art as a Form of Expression

• Expression theory of art defined it as the means of portraying the unique & individual emotions of artists

Art and The Truth

• Thinkers influenced by Martin Heidegger have interpreted art as the means by which a community develops for itself a medium for self-expression and interpretation.

Art Shaping the World

• Karl Marx, Art can be understood as a part of the superstructure or as part of the material basis.