Pelvis II: Pelvic Viscera

(study labeling)

urethra of female vs male

in female the urethra is short. in male, the urethra is long and is divided into 3 parts: prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, and spongy urethra

ductus deferens: signficance (route + clinical)

ductus deferens becomes ampulla, which fuses with the seminal vesicle duct to form the ejaculatory duct. vasectomy involves removal of ductus deferens

prostate: function + Base of the prostate is in contact with the ___ and the posterior surface is in contact with the ___

seminal fluid and buffer. bladder, rectum

the vagina lies (anterior/posterior) to the bladder and (anterior/posterior) to the rectum, and passes through the pelvic diaphragm.

posterior, anterior

what suspends the body of the uterus and allows it to move posteriorly as the bladder fills

broad ligament of the uterus

pocket-like projection of the peritoneal cavity between the uterus and bladder

vesicouterine pouch

this structure is found between the uterus and rectum and extends inferiorly to the posterior wall of the vaginal fornix

rectouterine pouch

what are the 3 layers of the uterus. what layer is sloughed off each month during menstruation.

perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium. endometrium layer is sloughed off

blood supply of the body of the uterus

uterine arteries (from internal iliac artery) and ovarian arteries (from aorta)

what attaches the ovaries to the posterior surface of the broad ligament?

mesovarium

what anchors each ovary to the lateral walls of the pelvis?

suspensory ligament of the ovary

where do ovarian vessels and nerves pass through?

suspensory ligament and mesovarium

what anchors each ovary to the uterus?

ligament of the ovary

what anchors ovary to the infundibulum of the uterine tube?

fimbrium

uterine tubes: function + parts

connects the uterus with the peritoneal cavity; uterine part, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum

where is the site of fertilization

ampulla of uterine tube

mesosalpinx

part of the broad ligament between the ovary and the uterine tube

mesovarium

part of the broad ligament between the ovaries and uterus

what cords of the connective does the broad ligament cover?

ligamentum teres, ovarian ligament, suspensory ligament

ligamentum teres, ovarian ligament, suspensory ligament functions

ligamentum teres and ovarian ligament helps to pull the ovaries into the pelvis; suspensory ligament attaches ovary to the walls of the pelvis

common iliac artery branches

external and internal iliac arteries

what supplies the lower limb?

external iliac artery

what supplies the pelvic viscera, perineum, medial thigh, and gluteal region? what does the artery further divide into?

internal iliac artery; divides into anterior(visceral) and posterior (parietal) vessels

anterior division branches (of internal iliac artery)

umbilical, obturator, internal pudendal artery

posterior division branches (of internal iliac artery)

superior and inferior gluteal artery

what supplies the bladder

superior vesicle arteries from umbilical artery

what does the umbilical artery become as it approaches the anterior abdominal wall?

medial umbilical ligament

what is at risk during hysterectomy or ovariectomy?

the ureter

perineum: define/location

external surface region in the most inferior part of the trunk found between the thighs and buttocks

division of the perineum

urogenital triangle and anal triangle

landmark of the perineum

perineal body: where muscles attach

what can be damaged during a difficult childbirth

perineal body

where is feces primarily stored?

inferior third of the rectum: ampulla

what supplies and innervates superior to the pectinate line?

superior rectal vessels; autonomic nerves

what supplies below the pectinate line?

inferior rectal vessels; innervated by inferior rectal branch of pudendal nerve— somatic nerves

dilations of the veins found within the anal columns superior to the pectinate line. is it sensitive or insensitive to pain?

internal hemorrhoids; insensitive to pain

dilations of the veins found in the wall of the anal canal inferior to the pectinate line. sensitive or insensitive to pain?

external hemorrhoids, sensitive to pain

where do the following veins drain from and to: superior rectal vein and inferior rectal vein

• superior rectal vein drains blood from the rectum and the superior part of the anal canal into the inferior mesenteric vein

• inferior rectal vein drains blood from the inferior part of the anal canal into the internal iliac vein

where is the site of portacaval (link of hepatic portal vein and inferior vena cava) anastomosis?

wall of the anal canal

what is part of the external sphincter of the uterus? what is it supplied by?

puborectal sling; supplied by the inferior rectal nerve (branch of pudendal nerve)

what innervates the internal sphincter of the anal canal?

parasympathetic fibers from the pelvic splanchnic nerves

what are the most prominent arteries that supply the penis?

dorsal arteries (found between the corpora cavernosa) and deep arteries (run within the corpora cavernosa)— both from internal pudendal arteries

where does the erectile tissue of the penis drain into?

to the deep dorsal vein of the penis

muscles of the penis and clitoris

bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles

bulbospongiosus function

aids in the expulsion of semen or urine from urethra + penile erection

ischiocavernosus muscles function

helps maintain erection and assist in drainage of penis. erection of clitoris.

what is the superficial perineal muscles innervated by?

branches of the pudendal nerve

primary sensory nerves of the vulva

perineal nerves and dorsal nerve (from pudendal nerve)